{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T19:29:33Z","timestamp":1789586973640,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":208,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,12]],"date-time":"2024-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728691200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear receptors that sense lipophilic molecules and act as transcription factors to regulate target genes. PPARs have been implicated in the regulation of innate immunity, glucose and lipid metabolism, cell proliferation, wound healing, and fibrotic processes. Some synthetic PPAR ligands are promising molecules for the treatment of inflammatory and fibrotic processes in immune-mediated intestinal diseases. Some of these are currently undergoing or have previously undergone clinical trials. Dietary PPAR ligands and changes in microbiota composition could modulate PPARs\u2019 activation to reduce inflammatory responses in these immune-mediated diseases, based on animal models and clinical trials. This narrative review aims to summarize the role of PPARs in immune-mediated bowel diseases and their potential therapeutic use.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells13201688","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,14]],"date-time":"2024-10-14T05:47:58Z","timestamp":1728884878000},"page":"1688","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["The Versatile Role of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors in Immune-Mediated Intestinal Diseases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-3355-492X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edit","family":"Posta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"GI Unit, Department of Infectology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Bartok Bela Street 2-26, 4031 Debrecen, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Istvan","family":"Fekete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Food Technology, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, B\u00f6sz\u00f6rm\u00e9nyi \u00fat 138, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Istvan","family":"Varkonyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GI Unit, Department of Infectology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Bartok Bela Street 2-26, 4031 Debrecen, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Zold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, M\u00f3ricz Zsigmond str. 22, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8200-6937","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zsolt","family":"Barta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GI Unit, Department of Infectology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Bartok Bela Street 2-26, 4031 Debrecen, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1038\/347645a0","article-title":"Activation of a member of the steroid hormone receptor superfamily by peroxisome proliferators","volume":"347","author":"Issemann","year":"1990","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1152\/physiolgenomics.00198.2006","article-title":"Genome-wide analysis of PPARalpha activation in murine small intestine","volume":"30","author":"Bunger","year":"2007","journal-title":"Physiol. 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