{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T00:17:57Z","timestamp":1789517877754,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,15]],"date-time":"2024-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728950400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Commissariat General \u00e0 l\u2019Investissement (Programmes Investissement d\u2019avenir\u2014INDIRA project)"},{"name":"Institut National du Cancer (InCa)\u2014PROUST project)"},{"name":"National Space Agency (CNES)\u2014ICARE project"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Radiation impacting astronauts in their spacecraft come from a \u201cbath\u201d of high-energy rays (0.1\u20130.5 mGy per mission day) that reaches deep tissues like the heart and bones and a \u201cstochastic rain\u201d of low-energy particles from the shielding and impacting surface tissues like skin and lenses. However, these two components cannot be reproduced on Earth together. The MarsSimulator facility (Toulouse University, France) emits, thanks to a bag containing thorium salts, a continuous exposure of 120 mSv\/y, corresponding to that prevailing in the International Space Station (ISS). By using immunofluorescence, we assessed DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) induced by 1\u20135 weeks exposure in ISS of human tissues evoked above, identified at risk for space exploration. All the tissues tested elicited DSBs that accumulated proportionally to the dose at a tissue-dependent rate (about 40 DSB\/Gy for skin, 3 times more for lens). For the lens, bones, and radiosensitive skin cells tested, perinuclear localization of phosphorylated forms of ataxia telangiectasia mutated protein (pATM) was observed during the 1st to 3rd week of exposure. Since pATM crowns were shown to reflect accelerated aging, these findings suggest that a low dose rate of 120 mSv\/y may accelerate the senescence process of the tested tissues. A mathematical model of pATM crown formation and disappearance has been proposed. Further investigations are needed to document these results in order to better evaluate the risks related to space exploration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells13201703","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,15]],"date-time":"2024-10-15T08:09:08Z","timestamp":1728979748000},"page":"1703","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Accelerated Aging Effects Observed In Vitro after an Exposure to Gamma-Rays Delivered at Very Low and Continuous Dose-Rate Equivalent to 1\u20135 Weeks in International Space Station"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Juliette","family":"Restier-Verlet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM U1296 Unit \u201cRadiation: Defense, Health, Environment\u201d, 28 Rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M\u00e9lanie L.","family":"Ferlazzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM U1296 Unit \u201cRadiation: Defense, Health, Environment\u201d, 28 Rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adeline","family":"Granzotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM U1296 Unit \u201cRadiation: Defense, Health, Environment\u201d, 28 Rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6772-6947","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00eblle","family":"Al-Choboq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM U1296 Unit \u201cRadiation: Defense, Health, Environment\u201d, 28 Rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cam\u00e9lia","family":"Bellemou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM U1296 Unit \u201cRadiation: Defense, Health, Environment\u201d, 28 Rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maxime","family":"Estavoyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, INSA Lyon, Universit\u00e9 Jean Monnet, ICJ UMR5208, Inria, 69622 Villeurbanne, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florentin","family":"Lecomte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, INSA Lyon, Universit\u00e9 Jean Monnet, ICJ UMR5208, Inria, 69622 Villeurbanne, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4575-5840","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michel","family":"Bourguignon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM U1296 Unit \u201cRadiation: Defense, Health, Environment\u201d, 28 Rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France"},{"name":"D\u00e9partement de Biophysique et M\u00e9decine Nucl\u00e9aire, Universit\u00e9 Paris Saclay, Versailles St. Quentin-en-Yvelines, 78035 Versailles, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7805-1938","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laurent","family":"Pujo-Menjouet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, INSA Lyon, Universit\u00e9 Jean Monnet, ICJ UMR5208, Inria, 69622 Villeurbanne, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1282-1303","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicolas","family":"Foray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM U1296 Unit \u201cRadiation: Defense, Health, Environment\u201d, 28 Rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Cucinotta, F.A., Kim, M.-H.Y., and Ren, L. 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