{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T23:13:55Z","timestamp":1789686835593,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,20]],"date-time":"2024-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729382400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Presbyterian Health Foundation (PHF) Clinician Scientist Development Grant"},{"name":"Stephenson Cancer Center Investigator-initiated Pilot Research Grant"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Melanoma, a deadly form of skin cancer, has seen improved survival rates due to advances in diagnosis and treatment, yet the need for further improvement remains critical. Tumor-associated antigens, such as PRAME (Preferentially Expressed Antigen in Melanoma), offer promising avenues for enhanced diagnostic precision, prognostic assessment, and targeted immunotherapy. PRAME, a cancer testis antigen, is selectively expressed in various cancers, including melanoma, and plays a key role in promoting tumorigenesis through inhibition of retinoic acid signaling, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and immune evasion. This review explores the diagnostic utility of PRAME in distinguishing melanoma from benign nevi, its prognostic value in aggressive melanoma subtypes, and its potential as a therapeutic target in cancer vaccines and adoptive T-cell therapies. While PRAME-targeted therapies face challenges such as tumor heterogeneity and immune suppression, ongoing research aims to overcome these barriers, offering hope for more effective melanoma treatments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells13201740","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,21]],"date-time":"2024-10-21T06:35:00Z","timestamp":1729492500000},"page":"1740","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["The Utilization of PRAME in the Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Treatment of Melanoma"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-1743-8225","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samuel L.","family":"Blount","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaochen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2167-9054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeffrey D.","family":"McBride","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1007\/s11912-022-01257-5","article-title":"Treatment of Metastatic Melanoma in the Elderly","volume":"24","author":"Seedor","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. 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