{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T01:00:57Z","timestamp":1792803657748,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,27]],"date-time":"2024-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729987200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"French National League Against Cancer (National and Dordogne Committees)","award":["22CE070-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22CE070-00"]}]},{"name":"French National League Against Cancer (National and Dordogne Committees)","award":["ANR-20-SFRI-0001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-20-SFRI-0001"]}]},{"name":"R\u00e9seau Impulsion Newmoon","award":["22CE070-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22CE070-00"]}]},{"name":"R\u00e9seau Impulsion Newmoon","award":["ANR-20-SFRI-0001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-20-SFRI-0001"]}]},{"name":"ITMO Aviesan","award":["22CE070-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22CE070-00"]}]},{"name":"ITMO Aviesan","award":["ANR-20-SFRI-0001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-20-SFRI-0001"]}]},{"name":"MESRI","award":["22CE070-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22CE070-00"]}]},{"name":"MESRI","award":["ANR-20-SFRI-0001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-20-SFRI-0001"]}]},{"name":"French National Research Agency","award":["22CE070-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22CE070-00"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00rbzpz17","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"French National Research Agency","award":["ANR-20-SFRI-0001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-20-SFRI-0001"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00rbzpz17","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"French Urology Asssociation","award":["22CE070-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22CE070-00"]}]},{"name":"French Urology Asssociation","award":["ANR-20-SFRI-0001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-20-SFRI-0001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Bladder cancer remains a prevalent and challenging malignancy. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) have emerged as key contributors to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, facilitating tumor progression, immune evasion, and resistance to therapies. This review explores the role of MDSC in bladder cancer, highlighting their involvement in immune regulation; tumor progression; and resistance to therapies such as bacillus Calmette\u2013Gu\u00e9rin (BCG) therapy, chemotherapy, and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). We also discuss their potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets, with current evidence suggesting that targeting MDSCs, either alone or in combination with existing treatments such as BCG and ICIs, may enhance anti-tumor immunity and improve clinical outcomes. However,, challenges remain, particularly regarding the identification and therapeutic modulation of MDSC subpopulations. Further research is warranted to fully elucidate their role in bladder cancer and to optimize MDSC-targeted therapies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells13211779","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,28]],"date-time":"2024-10-28T05:07:22Z","timestamp":1730092042000},"page":"1779","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Bladder Cancer: An Emerging Target"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1839-5875","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cl\u00e9ment","family":"Klein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CNRS UMR 5164, ImmunoConcEpT, Biological and Medical Sciences Department, University of Bordeaux, 146 rue L\u00e9o Saignat, 33000 Bordeaux, France"},{"name":"Department of Urology, University Hospital of Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France"},{"name":"Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, University of Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1331-3212","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samy","family":"Mebroukine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNRS UMR 5164, ImmunoConcEpT, Biological and Medical Sciences Department, University of Bordeaux, 146 rue L\u00e9o Saignat, 33000 Bordeaux, France"},{"name":"Department of Urology, University Hospital of Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France"},{"name":"Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, University of Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathilde","family":"Mad\u00e9ry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNRS UMR 5164, ImmunoConcEpT, Biological and Medical Sciences Department, University of Bordeaux, 146 rue L\u00e9o Saignat, 33000 Bordeaux, France"},{"name":"Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, University of Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-6608-6866","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandra","family":"Moisand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNRS UMR 5164, ImmunoConcEpT, Biological and Medical Sciences Department, University of Bordeaux, 146 rue L\u00e9o Saignat, 33000 Bordeaux, France"},{"name":"Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, University of Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Boyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNRS UMR 5164, ImmunoConcEpT, Biological and Medical Sciences Department, University of Bordeaux, 146 rue L\u00e9o Saignat, 33000 Bordeaux, France"},{"name":"Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, University of Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Larmonier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNRS UMR 5164, ImmunoConcEpT, Biological and Medical Sciences Department, University of Bordeaux, 146 rue L\u00e9o Saignat, 33000 Bordeaux, France"},{"name":"Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, University of Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5249-8689","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gr\u00e9goire","family":"Robert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNRS UMR 5164, ImmunoConcEpT, Biological and Medical Sciences Department, University of Bordeaux, 146 rue L\u00e9o Saignat, 33000 Bordeaux, France"},{"name":"Department of Urology, University Hospital of Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France"},{"name":"Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, University of Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9455-0657","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charlotte","family":"Domblides","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNRS UMR 5164, ImmunoConcEpT, Biological and Medical Sciences Department, University of Bordeaux, 146 rue L\u00e9o Saignat, 33000 Bordeaux, France"},{"name":"Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, University of Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France"},{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Gontero, P., Birtle, A., Comp\u00e9rat, E., Escrig, J.L.D., Liedberg, F., Mariappan, P., Masson-Lecomte, A., and Mostafid, A.H. 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