{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T15:13:10Z","timestamp":1782227590154,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,15]],"date-time":"2024-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731628800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NS110598"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NS110598"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NS117761"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NS117761"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Johns Hopkins University","award":["NS110598"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NS110598"]}]},{"name":"Johns Hopkins University","award":["NS117761"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NS117761"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The biologics derived from human amniotic membranes (AMs) demonstrate potential pain-inhibitory effects in clinical settings. However, the molecular basis underlying this therapeutic effect remains elusive. HC-HA\/PTX3 is a unique water-soluble regenerative matrix that is purified from human AMs. We examined whether HC-HA\/PTX3 can modulate the gene networks and transcriptional signatures in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons transmitting peripheral sensory inputs to the spinal cord. Methods: We conducted bulk RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) of mouse DRG neurons after treating them with HC-HA\/PTX3 (15 \u00b5g\/mL) for 10 min and 24 h in culture. Differential gene expression analysis was performed using the limma package, and Gene Ontology (GO) and protein\u2013protein interaction (PPI) analyses were conducted to identify the networks of pain-related genes. Western blotting and in vitro calcium imaging were used to examine the protein levels and signaling of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) in DRG neurons. Results: Compared to the vehicle-treated group, 24 h treatment with HC-HA\/PTX3 induced 2047 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), which were centered on the ATPase activity, receptor\u2013ligand activity, and extracellular matrix pathways. Importantly, PPI analysis revealed that over 50 of these DEGs are closely related to pain and analgesia. Notably, HC-HA\/PTX3 increased the expression and signaling pathway of POMC, which may affect opioid analgesia. Conclusions: HC-HA\/PTX3 induced profound changes in the gene expression in DRG neurons, centered around various neurochemical mechanisms associated with pain modulation. Our findings suggest that HC-HA\/PTX3 may be an important biological active component in human AMs that partly underlies its pain inhibitory effect, presenting a new strategy for pain treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells13221887","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,15]],"date-time":"2024-11-15T06:59:13Z","timestamp":1731653953000},"page":"1887","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["HC-HA\/PTX3 from Human Amniotic Membrane Induced Differential Gene Expressions in DRG Neurons: Insights into the Modulation of Pain"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Shao-Qiu","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1375-7358","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xue-Wei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8890-800X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qing","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-2610-2418","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hua","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BioTissue, Inc., Miami, FL 33126, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Da-Zhi","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Acrogenic Technologies Inc., Rockville, MD 20847, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scheffer C.","family":"Tseng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BioTissue, Inc., Miami, FL 33126, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1321-6655","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yun","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13531","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M113.525287","article-title":"Constitutive expression of pentraxin 3 (PTX3) protein by human amniotic membrane cells leads to formation of the heavy chain (HC)-hyaluronan (HA)-PTX3 complex","volume":"289","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. 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