{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:57:47Z","timestamp":1792789067991,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,16]],"date-time":"2024-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731715200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"personal ZONMW-VICI","award":["09150182010020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["09150182010020"]}]},{"name":"personal ZONMW-VICI","award":["101141346"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101141346"]}]},{"name":"personal ZONMW-VICI","award":["09150162310148"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["09150162310148"]}]},{"name":"ERC advanced","award":["09150182010020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["09150182010020"]}]},{"name":"ERC advanced","award":["101141346"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101141346"]}]},{"name":"ERC advanced","award":["09150162310148"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["09150162310148"]}]},{"name":"personal ZONMW-VENI","award":["09150182010020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["09150182010020"]}]},{"name":"personal ZONMW-VENI","award":["101141346"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101141346"]}]},{"name":"personal ZONMW-VENI","award":["09150162310148"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["09150162310148"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Metabolic dysfunction-associated liver disease (MASLD) and alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) are among the leading causes of liver disease worldwide. The exact roles of epigenetic factors in both diseases remains largely unknown. In this context, liver DNA methylation remains a field that requires further exploration and understanding. Methods: We performed a systematic review of liver DNA methylation in humans with MASLD or ALD using Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, and Cochrane Library. We included human studies where liver DNA methylation was assessed in patients with MASLD and\/or ALD. The Rayyan platform was used to select studies. Risk of bias was assessed with the \u201crisk of bias in non-randomized studies of interventions\u201d tool, ROBINS-I. We performed pathway analysis using the most important differentially methylated genes selected in each article. Results: Fifteen articles were included in this systematic review. The risk of bias was moderate to serious in all articles and bias due to confounding and patient selection was high. Sixteen common pathways, containing differentially methylated genes, including cancer pathways, were identified in both diseases. Conclusions: There are common pathways, containing differentially methylated genes, in ALD and MASLD, such as pathways in cancer and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathways. In MASLD, the insulin signaling pathway is one of the most important, and in ALD, the MAPK signaling pathway is the most important. Our study adds one more piece to the puzzle of the mechanisms involved in steatotic liver disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells13221893","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,18]],"date-time":"2024-11-18T05:36:45Z","timestamp":1731908205000},"page":"1893","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease and Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease: Liver DNA Methylation Analysis\u2014A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Daniela","family":"Stols-Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Meibergdreef 9 (Room A01-112), 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abraham S.","family":"Meijnikman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Meibergdreef 9 (Room A01-112), 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7197-0915","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luca Schilir\u00f3","family":"Trist\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Evidence-Based Medicine, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias M\u00e9dicas de Santos\u2014Lusiada University Center, Santos 11050-071, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clara Lucato dos","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Evidence-Based Medicine, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias M\u00e9dicas de Santos\u2014Lusiada University Center, Santos 11050-071, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5420-3909","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nerissa P.","family":"Denswil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Library, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1283-630X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanne","family":"Verheij","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8597-5207","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wanderley M.","family":"Bernardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Evidence-Based Medicine, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias M\u00e9dicas de Santos\u2014Lusiada University Center, Santos 11050-071, SP, Brazil"},{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina d Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-220, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Max","family":"Nieuwdorp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Meibergdreef 9 (Room A01-112), 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20701","article-title":"Design and validation of a histological scoring system for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"41","author":"Kleiner","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.05.029","article-title":"Development and prognostic relevance of a histologic grading and staging system for alcohol-related liver disease","volume":"75","author":"Lackner","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. 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