{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]],"date-time":"2025-12-10T12:42:26Z","timestamp":1765370546059,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,30]],"date-time":"2024-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732924800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Departments of Pediatrics and Neurosciences at the University of New Mexico","award":["P20GM109089","1R01HL139492-01","1K08AA030080-01","1P50AA022534","NCI P30CA118100","UL1TR001449"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P20GM109089","1R01HL139492-01","1K08AA030080-01","1P50AA022534","NCI P30CA118100","UL1TR001449"]}]},{"name":"Center for Brain Recovery and Repair at UNM","award":["P20GM109089","1R01HL139492-01","1K08AA030080-01","1P50AA022534","NCI P30CA118100","UL1TR001449"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P20GM109089","1R01HL139492-01","1K08AA030080-01","1P50AA022534","NCI P30CA118100","UL1TR001449"]}]},{"name":"NIH National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","award":["P20GM109089","1R01HL139492-01","1K08AA030080-01","1P50AA022534","NCI P30CA118100","UL1TR001449"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P20GM109089","1R01HL139492-01","1K08AA030080-01","1P50AA022534","NCI P30CA118100","UL1TR001449"]}]},{"name":"NIH National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","award":["P20GM109089","1R01HL139492-01","1K08AA030080-01","1P50AA022534","NCI P30CA118100","UL1TR001449"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P20GM109089","1R01HL139492-01","1K08AA030080-01","1P50AA022534","NCI P30CA118100","UL1TR001449"]}]},{"name":"New Mexico Alcohol Research Center","award":["P20GM109089","1R01HL139492-01","1K08AA030080-01","1P50AA022534","NCI P30CA118100","UL1TR001449"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P20GM109089","1R01HL139492-01","1K08AA030080-01","1P50AA022534","NCI P30CA118100","UL1TR001449"]}]},{"name":"UNM Comprehensive Cancer Center","award":["P20GM109089","1R01HL139492-01","1K08AA030080-01","1P50AA022534","NCI P30CA118100","UL1TR001449"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P20GM109089","1R01HL139492-01","1K08AA030080-01","1P50AA022534","NCI P30CA118100","UL1TR001449"]}]},{"name":"the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, the National Institutes of Health","award":["P20GM109089","1R01HL139492-01","1K08AA030080-01","1P50AA022534","NCI P30CA118100","UL1TR001449"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P20GM109089","1R01HL139492-01","1K08AA030080-01","1P50AA022534","NCI P30CA118100","UL1TR001449"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) is associated with long-term neurodevelopmental deficits resulting in impaired executive functioning and motor control. Intriguingly, PAE has been linked with an increased risk of transient systemic hypoxia\u2013ischemia (TSHI), which alone results in suboptimal fetal growth and neurodevelopmental consequences. Here, using two translationally relevant preclinical models, we investigated the short-term and lasting effects of PAE and TSHI on the morphology of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), a region important in executive function, and tested whether PAE interacts with TSHI to produce a distinct pattern of injury relative to either condition alone. The four experimental groups included sham (saccharin water, no TSHI), PAE (5% alcohol, no TSHI), TSHI (saccharin water, TSHI), and PAE+TSHI (5% alcohol, TSHI). Brains were extracted for Golgi\u2013Cox staining at Postnatal Day 35 (P35) or P100 and processed for 3D Sholl analysis. The analysis of the mPFC at P35 showed no significant differences in the number of branches or dendritic length overall, although the impact of TSHI compared to alcohol was significant for both. There were no significant differences in the number of Sholl intersections overall at P35, although a sex difference was noted in PAE offspring. At P100, analysis of filament dendritic length and branching number was also significantly impacted by TSHI compared to alcohol. Interestingly, sex was also a significant factor when assessing the impact of alcohol. PAE and TSHI both had an insignificantly increased number of Sholl intersections at P100 compared to the control. The observed changes to dendritic complexity at P100 demonstrate altered neuronal morphology in the mPFC that endure into adulthood. Given the importance of the mPFC in executive functioning, these pilot data provide insight into morphological changes that may contribute to the neurobehavioral deficits observed following exposure to PAE and TSHI and highlight the need for additional investigations into this area.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells13231983","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,2]],"date-time":"2024-12-02T06:58:58Z","timestamp":1733122738000},"page":"1983","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Prenatal Alcohol Exposure and Transient Systemic Hypoxia\u2013Ischemia Result in Subtle Alterations in Dendritic Complexity in Medial Frontal Cortical Neurons in Juvenile and Young Adult Rat Offspring in a Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-4006-0204","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zarena M.","family":"Dominguez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suzy","family":"Davies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nathaniel G.","family":"Pavlik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8590-7968","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessie C.","family":"Newville","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0971-5972","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brooke R.","family":"Hafer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Clement P.","family":"Jose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5221-8218","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica","family":"Gross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical and Translational Science Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roberto N.","family":"Almeida Mancero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lauren L.","family":"Jantzie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA"},{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel D.","family":"Savage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8990-7239","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessie R.","family":"Maxwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e290","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(17)30021-9","article-title":"Estimation of national, regional, and global prevalence of alcohol use during pregnancy and fetal alcohol syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"5","author":"Popova","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Glob. 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