{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T14:47:39Z","timestamp":1787496459575,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,13]],"date-time":"2024-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734048000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"French Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)","award":["5205"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5205"]}]},{"name":"French Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)","award":["137804"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["137804"]}]},{"name":"French \u201cSoci\u00e9t\u00e9 Fran\u00e7aise de Rhumatologie\u201d","award":["5205"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5205"]}]},{"name":"French \u201cSoci\u00e9t\u00e9 Fran\u00e7aise de Rhumatologie\u201d","award":["137804"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["137804"]}]},{"name":"Arthritis Research and Development","award":["5205"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5205"]}]},{"name":"Arthritis Research and Development","award":["137804"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["137804"]}]},{"name":"French \u201cMinist\u00e8re de l\u2019Enseignement et de la Recherche\u201d (fellowship)","award":["5205"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5205"]}]},{"name":"French \u201cMinist\u00e8re de l\u2019Enseignement et de la Recherche\u201d (fellowship)","award":["137804"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["137804"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The dialogue between T and B cells can be regulated by different mechanisms, such as co-inhibitory receptors, which therefore play a crucial role in preventing autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) is a co-inhibitory receptor expressed on many myeloid and lymphoid cells. Although peripheral B cells express a very high amount of BTLA, previous works in the context of autoimmunity mainly focused on T cells, and whether BTLA expression on B cells plays a role in the lupus pathogenesis is still unclear. In the present study, we examine the expression of BTLA, as well as its ligand HVEM (Herpesvirus Entry Mediator), on various B cell subsets in lupus patients compared to healthy controls (HCs). We evidenced the existence of double-negative (DN; IgD\u2212CD27\u2212) memory B cells expressing very low levels of BTLA, which are enhanced in active lupus patients. An in-depth analysis revealed that these BTLAlow DN cells mainly correspond to the newly reported DN3 B cell subset, originally described in the context of SARS-CoV2 infection. These cells display an activated and antibody-secreting cell phenotype, and we propose that their low BTLA expression may favor their expansion and rapid differentiation into plasmablasts in lupus patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells13242063","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,13]],"date-time":"2024-12-13T05:55:45Z","timestamp":1734069345000},"page":"2063","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Subset of DN Memory B Cells Expressing Low Levels of Inhibitory Receptor BTLA Is Enriched in SLE Patients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3459-7904","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucie","family":"Aubergeon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, CNRS UPR3572, 67084 Strasbourg, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4951-4032","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renaud","family":"Felten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, CNRS UPR3572, 67084 Strasbourg, France"},{"name":"Rheumatology Department, National Reference Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Strasbourg University Hospital, 67000 Strasbourg, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacques-Eric","family":"Gottenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, CNRS UPR3572, 67084 Strasbourg, France"},{"name":"Rheumatology Department, National Reference Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Strasbourg University Hospital, 67000 Strasbourg, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H\u00e9l\u00e8ne","family":"Dumortier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, CNRS UPR3572, 67084 Strasbourg, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2554-1300","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fanny","family":"Monneaux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, CNRS UPR3572, 67084 Strasbourg, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5931","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.172.10.5931","article-title":"An Inhibitory Ig Superfamily Protein Expressed by Lymphocytes and APCs Is Also an Early Marker of Thymocyte Positive Selection","volume":"172","author":"Han","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. 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