{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:08:03Z","timestamp":1792789683864,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]],"date-time":"2024-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734307200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"KKT","award":["RSF 22-15-00429"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RSF 22-15-00429"]}]},{"name":"KKT","award":["SP-5364.2022.4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SP-5364.2022.4"]}]},{"name":"SAS","award":["RSF 22-15-00429"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RSF 22-15-00429"]}]},{"name":"SAS","award":["SP-5364.2022.4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SP-5364.2022.4"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Natural aging and age-related diseases involve the acceleration of replicative aging, or senescence. Multiple proteins are known to participate in these processes, including the promyelocytic leukemia (PML) protein, which serves as a core component of nuclear-membrane-less organelles known as PML nuclear bodies (PML-NBs). In this work, morphological changes in PML-NBs and alterations in PML protein localization at the transition of primary fibroblasts to a replicative senescent state were studied by immunofluorescence. The fibroblasts were obtained from both healthy donors and donors with premature aging syndromes (ataxia-telangiectasia and Cockayne syndrome). Our data showed an increase in both the size and the number of PML-NBs, along with nuclear enlargement in senescent cells, suggesting these changes could serve as potential cellular aging markers. Bioinformatic analysis demonstrated that 30% of the proteins in the PML interactome and ~45% of the proteins in the PML-NB predicted proteome are directly associated with senescence and aging processes. These proteins are hypothesized to participate in post-translational modifications and protein sequestration within PML-NBs, thereby influencing transcription factor regulation, DNA damage response, and negative regulation of apoptosis. The findings confirm the significant role of PML-NBs in cellular aging processes and open new avenues for investigating senescence mechanisms and age-associated diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells13242075","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]],"date-time":"2024-12-16T12:09:28Z","timestamp":1734350968000},"page":"2075","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["PML Nuclear Bodies and Cellular Senescence: A Comparative Study of Healthy and Premature Aging Syndrome Donors\u2019 Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6047-5652","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eugene Y.","family":"Smirnov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky av.4, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8714-6659","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergey A.","family":"Silonov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky av.4, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1404-0743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eva A.","family":"Shmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky av.4, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1519-0225","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksandra V.","family":"Nozdracheva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky av.4, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadezhda M.","family":"Pleskach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky av.4, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mirya L.","family":"Kuranova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky av.4, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5957-0708","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anastasia A.","family":"Gavrilova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky av.4, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna E.","family":"Romanovich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Resource Center of Molecular and Cell Technologies, St-Petersburg State University Research Park, Universitetskaya Emb. 7-9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3336-4834","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irina M.","family":"Kuznetsova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky av.4, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6977-1896","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Konstantin K.","family":"Turoverov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky av.4, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4469-2531","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander V.","family":"Fonin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky av.4, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4827(61)90192-6","article-title":"The Serial Cultivation of Human Diploid Cell Strains","volume":"25","author":"Hayflick","year":"1961","journal-title":"Exp. Cell Res."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kang, D., Baek, Y., and Lee, J.S. (2022). Mechanisms of RNA and Protein Quality Control and Their Roles in Cellular Senescence and Age-Related Diseases. Cells, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11244062"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1631\/jzus.B2200178","article-title":"Multiple Characteristic Alterations and Available Therapeutic Strategies of Cellular Senescence","volume":"24","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shaban, H.A., and Gasser, S.M. (2023). Dynamic 3D Genome Reorganization during Senescence: Defining Cell States through Chromatin. Cell Death Differ., 1\u20137.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41418-023-01197-y"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.14218\/ERHM.2023.00018","article-title":"Senescence in Aging, Within the Brain and Other Diseases: Mechanisms and Interventions","volume":"8","author":"Chakrabarti","year":"2023","journal-title":"Explor. Res. Hypothesis Med."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4012","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.204743","article-title":"Key Elements of Cellular Senescence Involve Transcriptional Repression of Mitotic and DNA Repair Genes through the P53-P16\/RB-E2F-DREAM Complex","volume":"15","author":"Tchkonia","year":"2023","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-022-00601-z","article-title":"Cellular Senescence: The Good, the Bad and the Unknown","volume":"18","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.11.001","article-title":"Hallmarks of Aging: An Expanding Universe","volume":"186","author":"Blasco","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6829","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.204248","article-title":"New Hallmarks of Ageing: A 2022 Copenhagen Ageing Meeting Summary","volume":"14","author":"Lautrup","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.05.039","article-title":"The Hallmarks of Aging","volume":"153","author":"Blasco","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2021.101407","article-title":"The Hoverfly and the Wasp: A Critique of the Hallmarks of Aging as a Paradigm","volume":"70","author":"Gems","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1238","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.accounts.3c00794","article-title":"Chemical Strategies for the Detection and Elimination of Senescent Cells","volume":"57","author":"Bernardos","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acc. Chem. Res."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-024-02444-6","article-title":"The Role of the Immunosuppressive PD-1\/PD-L1 Checkpoint Pathway in the Aging Process and Age-Related Diseases","volume":"102","author":"Salminen","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2364","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.204585","article-title":"Senescent Cells Enhance Ischemic Aging in the Female Heart","volume":"15","author":"Torella","year":"2023","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-91617-2.00010-9","article-title":"Senescence in Aging","volume":"Volume 17","author":"Lautrup","year":"2023","journal-title":"Molecular, Cellular, and Metabolic Fundamentals of Human Aging"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1256","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.16649","article-title":"Senescent Cells in the Brain and Where to Find Them","volume":"290","author":"Rachmian","year":"2023","journal-title":"FEBS J."},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"311","article-title":"Cellular Senescence during Aging","volume":"Volume 9","year":"2023","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1201\/9781846197925-4","article-title":"The Ageing Cell","volume":"Volume 18","author":"Wordsworth","year":"2022","journal-title":"The Biology of Ageing and Its Clinical Implication"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1038\/s43587-022-00263-3","article-title":"Nuclear Morphology Is a Deep Learning Biomarker of Cellular Senescence","volume":"2","author":"Heckenbach","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Aging"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd.2017.116","article-title":"Senescent Cells: An Emerging Target for Diseases of Ageing","volume":"16","author":"Childs","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22710","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.203617","article-title":"Neurovascular Dysfunction and Neuroinflammation in a Cockayne Syndrome Mouse Model","volume":"13","author":"Kajitani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1007\/s10633-019-09681-y","article-title":"Cockayne Syndrome in Adults: Complete Retinal Dysfunction Exploration of Two Case Reports","volume":"138","author":"Budi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Doc. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2016.08.002","article-title":"Cockayne Syndrome: Clinical Features, Model Systems and Pathways","volume":"33","author":"Karikkineth","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1134\/S1990519X18040090","article-title":"Markers of Aging in Cells of Patients with Cockayne Syndrome. General and Individual Differences","volume":"12","author":"Slizhov","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Biol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13869","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.13869","article-title":"Accelerated Replicative Senescence of Ataxia-telangiectasia Skin Fibroblasts Is Retained at Physiologic Oxygen Levels, with Unique and Common Transcriptional Patterns","volume":"22","author":"Haj","year":"2023","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13468","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.13468","article-title":"Inhibition of the CGAS-STING Pathway Ameliorates the Premature Senescence Hallmarks of Ataxia-Telangiectasia Brain Organoids","volume":"20","author":"Aguado","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Silonov, S.A., Mokin, Y.I., Nedelyaev, E.M., Smirnov, E.Y., Kuznetsova, I.M., Turoverov, K.K., Uversky, V.N., and Fonin, A.V. (2023). On the Prevalence and Roles of Proteins Undergoing Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation in the Biogenesis of PML-Bodies. Biomolecules, 13.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202310.1400.v1"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1038\/s44321-024-00077-3","article-title":"PML Restrains P53 Activity and Cellular Senescence in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma","volume":"16","author":"Simoni","year":"2024","journal-title":"EMBO Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3358","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/cdf341","article-title":"Deconstructing PML-Induced Premature Senescence","volume":"21","author":"Bischof","year":"2002","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7206","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.102248","article-title":"Dynamic PML Protein Nucleolar Associations with Persistent DNA Damage Lesions in Response to Nucleolar Stress and Senescence-Inducing Stimuli","volume":"11","author":"Imrichova","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3197","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20160301","article-title":"PML Is a ROS Sensor Activating P53 upon Oxidative Stress","volume":"214","author":"Ferhi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1016\/S1097-2765(04)00062-0","article-title":"PML Is a Direct P53 Target That Modulates P53 Effector Functions","volume":"13","author":"Querido","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1387\/ijdb.210154av","article-title":"Promyelocytic Leukemia Protein (PML) and Stem Cells: From Cancer to Pluripotency","volume":"66","author":"Vogiatzoglou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liebl, M.C., and Hofmann, T.G. (2022). Regulating the P53 Tumor Suppressor Network at PML Biomolecular Condensates. Cancers, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14194549"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2010.12.016","article-title":"Role of the SUMO-Interacting Motif in HIPK2 Targeting to the PML Nuclear Bodies and Regulation of P53","volume":"317","author":"Sung","year":"2011","journal-title":"Exp. Cell Res."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13136","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.13136","article-title":"The Involvement of Stress Granules in Aging and Aging-associated Diseases","volume":"19","author":"Cao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lallemand-Breitenbach, V., and de The, H. (2010). PML Nuclear Bodies. Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Biol., 2.","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a000661"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.4161\/19491034.2014.970104","article-title":"PML Nuclear Bodies: Assembly and Oxidative Stress-Sensitive Sumoylation","volume":"5","author":"Sahin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nucleus"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ivanschitz, L., De Th\u00e9, H., and Le Bras, M. (2013). PML, SUMOylation, and Senescence. Front. Oncol., 3.","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2013.00171"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-7002-2_12","article-title":"Roles for SUMO Modification during Senescence","volume":"694","author":"Andreou","year":"2010","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1038\/35018127","article-title":"PML Regulates P53 Acetylation and Premature Senescence Induced by Oncogenic Ras","volume":"406","author":"Pearson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2024.08.006","article-title":"Histone Chaperone HIRA, Promyelocytic Leukemia Protein, and P62\/SQSTM1 Coordinate to Regulate Inflammation during Cell Senescence","volume":"84","author":"Dasgupta","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Silonov, S.A., Smirnov, E.Y., Kuznetsova, I.M., Turoverov, K.K., and Fonin, A.V. (2023). PML Body Biogenesis: A Delicate Balance of Interactions. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms242316702"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jin, G., Wang, Y.J., and Lin, H.K. (2013). Emerging Cellular Functions of Cytoplasmic PML. Front. Oncol., 3.","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2013.00147"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2019","article-title":"Fiji: An Open-Source Platform for Biological-Image Analysis","volume":"9","author":"Schindelin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"ref_46","first-page":"265","article-title":"Cell Detection with Star-Convex Polygons","volume":"Volume 22","author":"Schmidt","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Joglekar, M.V., Satoor, S.N., Wong, W.K.M., Cheng, F., Ma, R.C.W., and Hardikar, A.A. (2020). An Optimised Step-by-Step Protocol for Measuring Relative Telomere Length. Methods Protoc., 3.","DOI":"10.3390\/mps3020027"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Avelar, R.A., Ortega, J.G., Tacutu, R., Tyler, E.J., Bennett, D., Binetti, P., Budovsky, A., Chatsirisupachai, K., Johnson, E., and Murray, A. (2020). A Multidimensional Systems Biology Analysis of Cellular Senescence in Aging and Disease. Genome Biol., 21.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-020-01990-9"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D1083","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkx1042","article-title":"Human Ageing Genomic Resources: New and Updated Databases","volume":"46","author":"Tacutu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W90","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkw377","article-title":"Enrichr: A Comprehensive Gene Set Enrichment Analysis Web Server 2016 Update","volume":"44","author":"Kuleshov","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33254","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2007670117","article-title":"Widespread Occurrence of the Droplet State of Proteins in the Human Proteome","volume":"117","author":"Hardenberg","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chu, X., Sun, T., Li, Q., Xu, Y., Zhang, Z., Lai, L., and Pei, J. (2022). Prediction of Liquid\u2013Liquid Phase Separating Proteins Using Machine Learning. BMC Bioinform., 23.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12859-022-04599-w"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e4496","DOI":"10.1002\/pro.4496","article-title":"Rapid Prediction and Analysis of Protein Intrinsic Disorder","volume":"31","author":"Dayhoff","year":"2022","journal-title":"Protein Sci."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de Mera-Rodr\u00edguez, J.A., \u00c1lvarez-Hern\u00e1n, G., Ga\u00f1\u00e1n, Y., Mart\u00edn-Partido, G., Rodr\u00edguez-Le\u00f3n, J., and Francisco-Morcillo, J. (2021). Is Senescence-Associated \u03b2-Galactosidase a Reliable in Vivo Marker of Cellular Senescence During Embryonic Development?. Front. Cell Dev. Biol., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.623175"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1038\/s41556-022-00842-x","article-title":"Telomere Dysfunction in Ageing and Age-Related Diseases","volume":"24","author":"Rossiello","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1840","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-37362-7","article-title":"A Stress-Induced Cilium-to-PML-NB Route Drives Senescence Initiation","volume":"14","author":"Ma","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Subramanian, G.N., Yeo, A.J., Gatei, M.H., Coman, D.J., and Lavin, M.F. (2022). Metabolic Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Ataxia-Telangiectasia. Antioxidants, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11040653"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2022.106281","article-title":"Counteracting Health Risks by Modulating Homeostatic Signaling","volume":"182","author":"Tian","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lyons, C.E., Razzoli, M., and Bartolomucci, A. (2023). The Impact of Life Stress on Hallmarks of Aging and Accelerated Senescence: Connections in Sickness and in Health. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev., 153.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105359"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shah, P., McGuigan, C.W., Cheng, S., Vanpouille-Box, C., Demaria, S., Weiss, R.S., and Lammerding, J. (2022). ATM Modulates Nuclear Mechanics by Regulating Lamin A Levels. Front. Cell Dev. Biol., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2022.875132"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14012","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.14012","article-title":"Form Follows Function: Nuclear Morphology as a Quantifiable Predictor of Cellular Senescence","volume":"22","author":"Belhadj","year":"2023","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113555","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2023.113555","article-title":"Cell Stretching Activates an ATM Mechano-Transduction Pathway That Remodels Cytoskeleton and Chromatin","volume":"42","author":"Bastianello","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9412","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.78.17.9412-9422.2004","article-title":"Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) SM Protein Induces and Recruits Cellular Sp110b to Stabilize MRNAs and Enhance EBV Lytic Gene Expression","volume":"78","author":"Nicewonger","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8922","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01114-15","article-title":"Assembly of Epstein-Barr Virus Capsid in Promyelocytic Leukemia Nuclear Bodies","volume":"89","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hofmann, S., Plank, V., Groitl, P., Skvorc, N., Hofmann, K., Luther, J., Ko, C., Zimmerman, P., Bruss, V., and Stadler, D. (2023). SUMO Modification of Hepatitis B Virus Core Mediates Nuclear Entry, Promyelocytic Leukemia Nuclear Body Association, and Efficient Formation of Covalently Closed Circular DNA. Microbiol. Spectr., 11.","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.00446-23"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reyes, A., Ortiz, G., Duarte, L.F., Fern\u00e1ndez, C., Hern\u00e1ndez-Armengol, R., Palacios, P.A., Prado, Y., Andrade, C.A., Rodriguez-Guilarte, L., and Kalergis, A.M. (2023). Contribution of Viral and Bacterial Infections to Senescence and Immunosenescence. Front. Cell Infect. Microbiol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1229098"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DiMaio, T.A., Vogt, D.T., and Lagunoff, M. (2020). KSHV Requires VCyclin to Overcome Replicative Senescence in Primary Human Lymphatic Endothelial Cells. PLoS Pathog., 16.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1008634"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e29227","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.29227","article-title":"MORC3 Represses the HCMV Major Immediate Early Promoter in Myeloid Cells in the Absence of PML Nuclear Bodies","volume":"95","author":"Champion","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tang, D., Chen, M., Huang, X., Zhang, G., Zeng, L., Zhang, G., Wu, S., and Wang, Y. (2023). SRplot: A Free Online Platform for Data Visualization and Graphing. PLoS ONE, 18.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0294236"}],"container-title":["Cells"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4409\/13\/24\/2075\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:53:24Z","timestamp":1760115204000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4409\/13\/24\/2075"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"24","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["cells13242075"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells13242075","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]]}}}