{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T00:37:23Z","timestamp":1759970243584,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,6]],"date-time":"2025-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736121600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fukushima SiC Applied Engineering Inc."},{"name":"J-Beam, Inc."},{"name":"Nihon Fukushi Fuiin Holding, Co., Ltd."},{"name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Japan"},{"name":"Cancer Research and Therapeutic Evolution (P-CREATE)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Boron (B) neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a novel non-invasive targeted cancer therapy based on the nuclear capture reaction 10B (n, alpha) 7Li that enables the death of cancer cells without damaging neighboring normal cells. However, the development of clinically approved boron drugs remains challenging. We have previously reported on self-forming nanoparticles for drug delivery consisting of a biodegradable polymer, namely, \u201cAB-type\u201d Lactosome\u00ae nanoparticles (AB-Lac particles)- highly loaded with hydrophobic B compounds, namely o-Carborane (Carb) or 1,2-dihexyl-o-Carborane (diC6-Carb), and the latter (diC6-Carb) especially showed the \u201cmolecular glue\u201d effect. Here we present in vivo and ex vivo studies with human pancreatic cancer (AsPC-1) cells to find therapeutically optimal formulas and the appropriate treatment conditions for these particles. The biodistribution of the particles was assessed by the tumor\/normal tissue ratio (T\/N) in terms of tumor\/muscle (T\/M) and tumor\/blood (T\/B) ratios using near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging with indocyanine green (ICG). The in vivo and ex vivo accumulation of B delivered by the injected AB-Lac particles in tumor lesions reached a maximum by 12 h post-injection. Irradiation studies conducted both in vitro and in vivo showed that AB-Lac particles-loaded with either 10B-Carb or 10B-diC6-Carb significantly inhibited the growth of AsPC-1 cancer cells or strongly inhibited their growth, with the latter method being significantly more effective. Surprisingly, a similar in vitro and in vivo irradiation study showed that ICG-labeled AB-Lac particles alone, i.e., without any 10B compounds, also revealed a significant inhibition. Therefore, we expect that our ICG-labeled AB-Lac particles-loaded with 10B compound(s) may be a novel and promising candidate for providing not only NIRF imaging for a practical diagnosis but also the dual therapeutic effects of induced cancer cell death, i.e., \u201ctheranostics\u201d.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells14010060","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,6]],"date-time":"2025-01-06T10:40:52Z","timestamp":1736160052000},"page":"60","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Novel Drug Delivery Particles Can Provide Dual Effects on Cancer \u201cTheranostics\u201d in Boron Neutron Capture Therapy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5433-9462","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdul Basith","family":"Fithroni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haruki","family":"Inoue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shengli","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Taufik Fatwa Nur","family":"Hakim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Tada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5421-9417","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Minoru","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, Osaka 590-0494, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9404-4255","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoshinori","family":"Sakurai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, Osaka 590-0494, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manabu","family":"Ishimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"J-BEAM, Inc., Fukushima 979-0513, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naoyuki","family":"Yamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nihon Fukushi Fuiin Holding, Co., Ltd., Fukushima 979-0513, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rani","family":"Sauriasari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5027-5913","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wolfgang A. G.","family":"Sauerwein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deutsche Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Bor-Neutroneneinfangtherapie DGBNCT e.V., University Hospital Essen, Klinik f\u00fcr Strahlentherapie, 45122 Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3678-636X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kazunori","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3183-5305","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takashi","family":"Ohtsuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1681-0684","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eiji","family":"Matsuura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan"},{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia"},{"name":"Collaborative Research Center for OMIC, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8558, Japan"},{"name":"Neutron Therapy Research Center (NTRC), Okayama University, Okayama 700-8558, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4298","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v27.i27.4298","article-title":"Pancreatic cancer: A review of epidemiology, trend, and risk factors","volume":"27","author":"Hu","year":"2021","journal-title":"World. 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