{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T20:13:27Z","timestamp":1791922407681,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,29]],"date-time":"2025-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738108800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32222086, 32230110"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32222086, 32230110"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CARS-49"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-49"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LT202009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LT202009"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["XLYC2203087"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XLYC2203087"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022RG14"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022RG14"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022RY01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022RY01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the fund for China Agriculture Research System","award":["32222086, 32230110"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32222086, 32230110"]}]},{"name":"the fund for China Agriculture Research System","award":["CARS-49"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-49"]}]},{"name":"the fund for China Agriculture Research System","award":["No"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No"]}]},{"name":"the fund for China Agriculture Research System","award":["LT202009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LT202009"]}]},{"name":"the fund for China Agriculture Research System","award":["XLYC2203087"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XLYC2203087"]}]},{"name":"the fund for China Agriculture Research System","award":["2022RG14"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022RG14"]}]},{"name":"the fund for China Agriculture Research System","award":["2022RY01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022RY01"]}]},{"name":"Outstanding Talents and Innovative Teams of Agricultural Scientific Research in MARA","award":["32222086, 32230110"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32222086, 32230110"]}]},{"name":"Outstanding Talents and Innovative Teams of Agricultural Scientific Research in MARA","award":["CARS-49"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-49"]}]},{"name":"Outstanding Talents and Innovative Teams of Agricultural Scientific Research in MARA","award":["No"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No"]}]},{"name":"Outstanding Talents and Innovative Teams of Agricultural Scientific Research in MARA","award":["LT202009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LT202009"]}]},{"name":"Outstanding Talents and Innovative Teams of Agricultural Scientific Research in MARA","award":["XLYC2203087"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XLYC2203087"]}]},{"name":"Outstanding Talents and Innovative Teams of Agricultural Scientific Research in MARA","award":["2022RG14"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022RG14"]}]},{"name":"Outstanding Talents and Innovative Teams of Agricultural Scientific Research in MARA","award":["2022RY01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022RY01"]}]},{"name":"innovation team of Aquaculture Environment Safety from Liaoning Province","award":["32222086, 32230110"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32222086, 32230110"]}]},{"name":"innovation team of Aquaculture Environment Safety from Liaoning Province","award":["CARS-49"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-49"]}]},{"name":"innovation team of Aquaculture Environment Safety from Liaoning Province","award":["No"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No"]}]},{"name":"innovation team of Aquaculture Environment Safety from Liaoning Province","award":["LT202009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LT202009"]}]},{"name":"innovation team of Aquaculture Environment Safety from Liaoning Province","award":["XLYC2203087"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XLYC2203087"]}]},{"name":"innovation team of Aquaculture Environment Safety from Liaoning Province","award":["2022RG14"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022RG14"]}]},{"name":"innovation team of Aquaculture Environment Safety from Liaoning Province","award":["2022RY01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022RY01"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018617","name":"Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32222086, 32230110"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32222086, 32230110"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018617","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018617","name":"Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CARS-49"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-49"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018617","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018617","name":"Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018617","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018617","name":"Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LT202009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LT202009"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018617","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018617","name":"Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["XLYC2203087"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XLYC2203087"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018617","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018617","name":"Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022RG14"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022RG14"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018617","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018617","name":"Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022RY01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022RY01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018617","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Dalian High Level Talent Innovation Support Program","award":["32222086, 32230110"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32222086, 32230110"]}]},{"name":"Dalian High Level Talent Innovation Support Program","award":["CARS-49"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-49"]}]},{"name":"Dalian High Level Talent Innovation Support Program","award":["No"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No"]}]},{"name":"Dalian High Level Talent Innovation Support Program","award":["LT202009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LT202009"]}]},{"name":"Dalian High Level Talent Innovation Support Program","award":["XLYC2203087"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XLYC2203087"]}]},{"name":"Dalian High Level Talent Innovation Support Program","award":["2022RG14"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022RG14"]}]},{"name":"Dalian High Level Talent Innovation Support Program","award":["2022RY01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022RY01"]}]},{"name":"Dalian Outstanding Young Scientific and Technological Talent","award":["32222086, 32230110"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32222086, 32230110"]}]},{"name":"Dalian Outstanding Young Scientific and Technological Talent","award":["CARS-49"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-49"]}]},{"name":"Dalian Outstanding Young Scientific and Technological Talent","award":["No"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No"]}]},{"name":"Dalian Outstanding Young Scientific and Technological Talent","award":["LT202009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LT202009"]}]},{"name":"Dalian Outstanding Young Scientific and Technological Talent","award":["XLYC2203087"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XLYC2203087"]}]},{"name":"Dalian Outstanding Young Scientific and Technological Talent","award":["2022RG14"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022RG14"]}]},{"name":"Dalian Outstanding Young Scientific and Technological Talent","award":["2022RY01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022RY01"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cuproptosis is a novel cell death dependent on mitochondrial respiration and regulated by copper. While the study of it is mainly focused on tumor therapy, in the present study, two key cuproptosis-related genes, ferredoxin (FDX1) and dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase (DLAT) homologs (designated as CgFDX1 and CgDLAT), were identified from Crassostrea gigas. CgFDX1 has a Fer2 domain with a 2Fe-2S cluster forming a unique ferredoxin. CgDLAT is composed of a biotin_lipoyl domain, an E3-binding domain, and a 2-oxoacid_dh domain. CgFDX1 and CgDLAT mRNA were expressed in all the examined tissues. After elesclomol treatment, both mRNA and protein expressions of them were reduced in the hemocytes. The mortality rate of the hemocytes increased significantly, and the hemocytes were accompanied with noticeable adhesive abnormalities and heightened secretion after elesclomol treatment. Additionally, the accumulation or depletion of actin was observed in the hemocytes. The integrity of the double membrane structure of the mitochondria was compromised, and the organization of mitochondrial cristae was disrupted. The contents of copper, malondialdehyde (MDA), pyruvic acid and mitoSOX as well as the ratio of cells with low mitochondrial potential increased significantly in the hemocytes upon elesclomol treatment and the content of citric acid decreased significantly. These findings suggest the potential presence of cuproptosis in oysters and its activation mechanism is relatively conserved in evolution.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells14030199","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,29]],"date-time":"2025-01-29T10:36:28Z","timestamp":1738146988000},"page":"199","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["The Potential Mechanism of Cuproptosis in Hemocytes of the Pacific Oyster Crassostrea gigas upon Elesclomol Treatment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Yuxin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China"},{"name":"Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China"},{"name":"Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiejie","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China"},{"name":"Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China"},{"name":"Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shurong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China"},{"name":"Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China"},{"name":"Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1049-9170","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lingling","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China"},{"name":"Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China"},{"name":"Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China"},{"name":"Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266235, China"},{"name":"Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3580-6560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linsheng","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China"},{"name":"Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China"},{"name":"Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China"},{"name":"Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266235, China"},{"name":"Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1254","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abf0529","article-title":"Copper induces cell death by targeting lipoylated TCA cycle proteins","volume":"375","author":"Tsvetkov","year":"2022","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-022-00866-1","article-title":"Cuproptosis: A new form of programmed cell death","volume":"19","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2212267","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202212267","article-title":"Cuproptosis Induced by ROS Responsive Nanoparticles with Elesclomol and Copper Combined with \u03b1PD-L1 for Enhanced Cancer Immunotherapy","volume":"35","author":"Guo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.110236","article-title":"Copper sulfate-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress promotes hepatic apoptosis by activating CHOP, JNK and caspase-12 signaling pathways","volume":"191","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-022-01229-y","article-title":"Copper homeostasis and cuproptosis in health and disease","volume":"7","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1038\/s41422-022-00653-7","article-title":"Cuproptosis: A copper-triggered modality of mitochondrial cell death","volume":"32","author":"Tang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Res."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2023.122223","article-title":"Copper homeostasis and cuproptosis in mitochondria","volume":"334","author":"Tian","year":"2023","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1038\/s41589-022-01159-4","article-title":"Functional spectrum and specificity of mitochondrial ferredoxins FDX1 and FDX2","volume":"19","author":"Schulz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Chem. Biol."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"81","article-title":"Dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase activation alleviates diabetic kidney disease via AMPK-autophagy axis and mitochondrial protection","volume":"274","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Transl. Res. J. Lab. Clin. Med."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5663","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms6663","article-title":"Isotopic constraints on biogeochemical cycling of copper in the ocean","volume":"5","author":"Takano","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R877","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2011.09.040","article-title":"Copper: An essential metal in biology","volume":"21","author":"Festa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"103815","article-title":"The role of marine bivalves in the oceanic carbon cycle: Physiological processes, carbon budgets and ecosystem perspectives","volume":"78","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Reg. Stud. Mar. Sci."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20219","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.3c06627","article-title":"Lysosomal Cu(I)\/Cu(II) Dependence of Antimicrobial Ability of Oyster Hemocytes and Regulation of Phagolysosomal System","volume":"57","author":"Luo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2497","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.1c07510","article-title":"Highly Sensitive and Specific Responses of Oyster Hemocytes to Copper Exposure: Single-Cell Transcriptomic Analysis of Different Cell Populations","volume":"56","author":"Meng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2014.03.006","article-title":"The role of Ctr1 and Ctr2 in mammalian copper homeostasis and platinum-based chemotherapy","volume":"31","author":"Thiele","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Trace Elem. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-023-05639-w","article-title":"Copper homeostasis and copper-induced cell death in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease and therapeutic strategies","volume":"14","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1186\/s13046-022-02485-0","article-title":"Elesclomol: A copper ionophore targeting mitochondrial metabolism for cancer therapy","volume":"41","author":"Zheng","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Exp. Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yuan, S., Korolnek, T., and Kim, B.E. (2022). Oral Elesclomol Treatment Alleviates Copper Deficiency in Animal Models. Front. Cell Dev. Biol., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2022.856300"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-020-00548-3","article-title":"Copper induce zebrafish retinal developmental defects via triggering stresses and apoptosis","volume":"18","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Commun. Signal."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11413","article-title":"The oyster genome reveals stress adaptation and complexity of shell formation","volume":"490","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135003","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2024.135003","article-title":"A novel route of intercellular copper transport and detoxification in oyster hemocytes","volume":"476","author":"Luo","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14426","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.7b05090","article-title":"In Situ Subcellular Imaging of Copper and Zinc in Contaminated Oysters Revealed by Nanoscale Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry","volume":"51","author":"Weng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2015.03.011","article-title":"A single-CRD C-type lectin from oyster Crassostrea gigas mediates immune recognition and pathogen elimination with a potential role in the activation of complement system","volume":"44","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2540.2001.0923a.x","article-title":"Molecular Evolution and Phylogenetics","volume":"86","author":"Thomas","year":"2001","journal-title":"Heredity"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2402","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2000294","article-title":"IgIT-Mediated Signaling Inhibits the Antimicrobial Immune Response in Oyster Hemocytes","volume":"205","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1262","article-title":"Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) Method","volume":"25","author":"Livak","year":"2001","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"prot087155","DOI":"10.1101\/pdb.prot087155","article-title":"Measuring Cell Death by Trypan Blue Uptake and Light Microscopy","volume":"2016","author":"Crowley","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Protoc."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2019.12.073","article-title":"A novel tumor necrosis factor in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas mediates the antibacterial response by triggering the synthesis of lysozyme and nitric oxide","volume":"98","author":"Zheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.139469","article-title":"Ocean acidification inhibits initial shell formation of oyster larvae by suppressing the biosynthesis of serotonin and dopamine","volume":"735","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2016.09.017","article-title":"The granulocytes are the main immunocompetent hemocytes in Crassostrea gigas","volume":"67","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dev. Comp. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.4103\/1947-2714.100998","article-title":"Western blot: Technique, theory, and trouble shooting","volume":"4","author":"Mahmood","year":"2012","journal-title":"N. Am. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105076","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2023.105076","article-title":"A novel DM9-containing protein 7 involved in regulating the expression of CgMyD88 and CgIL-17 in oyster Crassostrea gigas","volume":"150","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Dev. Comp. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7522","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.TM117.000259","article-title":"Lipoic acid metabolism and mitochondrial redox regulation","volume":"293","author":"Solmonson","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2017.11.003","article-title":"Protein lipoylation: An evolutionarily conserved metabolic regulator of health and disease","volume":"42","author":"Rowland","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2216722120","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2216722120","article-title":"FDX1-dependent and independent mechanisms of elesclomol-mediated intracellular copper delivery","volume":"120","author":"Zulkifli","year":"2023","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, Z., Ma, Y., Guo, X., Du, Y., Zhu, Q., Wang, X., and Duan, C. (2021). FDX1 can Impact the Prognosis and Mediate the Metabolism of Lung Adenocarcinoma. Front. Pharmacol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.749134"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1002\/path.5451","article-title":"FDXR regulates TP73 tumor suppressor via IRP2 to modulate aging and tumor suppression","volume":"251","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.07.016","article-title":"An Essential Role of the Mitochondrial Electron Transport Chain in Cell Proliferation Is to Enable Aspartate Synthesis","volume":"162","author":"Birsoy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_39","first-page":"1140","article-title":"DLAT subunit of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex is upregulated in gastric cancer-implications in cancer therapy","volume":"7","author":"Goh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Transl. Res."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1074\/mcp.M113.035600","article-title":"Analysis of the human tissue-specific expression by genome-wide integration of transcriptomics and antibody-based proteomics","volume":"13","author":"Fagerberg","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Proteom."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13992","article-title":"A comparative encyclopedia of DNA elements in the mouse genome","volume":"515","author":"Yue","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2021.11.027","article-title":"Functional heterogeneity of immune defenses in molluscan oysters Crassostrea hongkongensis revealed by high-throughput single-cell transcriptome","volume":"120","author":"Meng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-023-01732-y","article-title":"Cuproptosis: Mechanisms and links with cancers","volume":"22","author":"Xie","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2016.11.088","article-title":"The role of mitochondria in metabolism and cell death","volume":"482","author":"Ouchida","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2014.03.034","article-title":"ROS function in redox signaling and oxidative stress","volume":"24","author":"Schieber","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e430","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2012.171","article-title":"JC-1: Alternative excitation wavelengths facilitate mitochondrial membrane potential cytometry","volume":"3","author":"Perelman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_47","first-page":"3209","article-title":"Biomineralization-related specialization of hemocytes and mantle tissues of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas","volume":"220","author":"Ivanina","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ab.2016.10.021","article-title":"Assessment of lipid peroxidation by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA) and relatives in biological samples: Analytical and biological challenges","volume":"524","author":"Tsikas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11004","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1602751113","article-title":"E4F1-mediated control of pyruvate dehydrogenase activity is essential for skin homeostasis","volume":"113","author":"Seyran","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2018.06.071","article-title":"Biosynthesis of pyruvic acid from glycerol-containing substrates and its regulation in the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica","volume":"266","author":"Kamzolova","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1038\/s41589-019-0291-9","article-title":"Mitochondrial metabolism promotes adaptation to proteotoxic stress","volume":"15","author":"Tsvetkov","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Chem. Biol."}],"container-title":["Cells"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4409\/14\/3\/199\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T10:38:25Z","timestamp":1759919905000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4409\/14\/3\/199"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,29]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]}},"alternative-id":["cells14030199"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells14030199","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,29]]}}}