{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T23:15:53Z","timestamp":1783034153039,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,3]],"date-time":"2025-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738540800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021R1A2C1012421"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021R1A2C1012421"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS-2024-00341909"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2024-00341909"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022R1I1A1A01053235"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022R1I1A1A01053235"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Lactoferrin-derived peptide chimera is a synthetic peptide that mimics the functional unit of lactoferrin with antibacterial activity. Although LF has anticancer effects, to the best of our knowledge, its effects on multiple myeloma have not yet been studied. We explored the potential of a lactoferrin-derived chimera for multiple myeloma treatment, a malignant clonal plasma cell bone marrow disease. The lactoferrin-derived chimera effectively inhibited MM1S, MM1R, and RPMI8226 multiple myeloma cell growth, and induced the early and late phases of apoptosis, but not in normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Furthermore, the lactoferrin-derived chimera modulates the relative expression of genes involved in survival, apoptosis, and mitochondrial dysfunction at the transcriptional level. Mitochondrial analysis revealed that lactoferrin-derived chimera triggered oxidative stress in multiple myeloma cells, leading to reactive oxygen species generation and a decline in mitochondrial membrane potential, resulting in mitochondrial dysfunction. Although lactoferrin-derived chimera did not cause caspase-dependent cell death, it induced nuclear translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor and endonuclease G, indicating the initiation of caspase-independent apoptosis. Overall, the lactoferrin-derived chimera induces caspase-independent programmed cell death in multiple myeloma cell lines by increasing the nuclear translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor\/endonuclease G. Therefore, it has potential for multiple myeloma cancer therapies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells14030217","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,3]],"date-time":"2025-02-03T12:18:56Z","timestamp":1738585136000},"page":"217","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Lactoferrin-Derived Peptide Chimera Induces Caspase-Independent Cell Death in Multiple Myeloma"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Young-Saeng","family":"Jang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Bio Health Science, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shima Barati","family":"Dehkohneh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biomedical Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaewon","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biomedical Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaehui","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biomedical Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donghwan","family":"Ahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biomedical Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sun Shim","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Division of Biomedical Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3981-1399","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seung Goo","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Division of Biomedical Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kowalczyk, P., Kaczy\u0144ska, K., Kleczkowska, P., Bukowska-O\u015bko, I., Kramkowski, K., and Sulejczak, D. 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