{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T00:58:00Z","timestamp":1760057880595,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]],"date-time":"2025-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740700800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"DFG (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KE685\/7-1","QU116\/10-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KE685\/7-1","QU116\/10-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The actin cytoskeleton plays an important role in morphological changes of ameloblasts during the formation of enamel, which is indispensable for teeth to withstand wear, fracture and caries progression. This study reveals that the actin nucleator Cobl is expressed in ameloblasts of mandibular molars during amelogenesis. Cobl expression was particularly pronounced during the secretory phase of the enamel-forming cells. Cobl colocalized with actin filaments at the cell cortex. Importantly, our analyses show an influence of Cobl on both ameloblast morphology and cytoskeletal organization as well as on enamel composition. At P0, Cobl knock-out causes an increased height of ameloblasts and an increased F-actin content at the apical membrane. During the maturation phase, the F-actin density at the apical membrane was instead significantly reduced when compared to WT mice. At the same time, Cobl-deficient mice showed an increased carbon content of the enamel and an increased enamel surface of mandibular molars. These findings demonstrate a decisive influence of the actin nucleator Cobl on the actin cytoskeleton and the morphology of ameloblasts during amelogenesis. Our work thus expands the understanding of the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton during amelogenesis and helps to further elucidate the complex processes of enamel formation during tooth development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells14050359","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]],"date-time":"2025-02-28T10:12:33Z","timestamp":1740737553000},"page":"359","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Evolutionary Young Actin Nucleator Cobl Is Important for Proper Amelogenesis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Hannes","family":"Janitzek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biochemistry I, Jena University Hospital\u2014Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Nonnenplan 2-4, 07743 Jena, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jule","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez Delgado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biochemistry I, Jena University Hospital\u2014Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Nonnenplan 2-4, 07743 Jena, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natja","family":"Haag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biochemistry I, Jena University Hospital\u2014Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Nonnenplan 2-4, 07743 Jena, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3270-1253","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric","family":"Seemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biochemistry I, Jena University Hospital\u2014Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Nonnenplan 2-4, 07743 Jena, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandor","family":"Nietzsche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Electron Microscopy, Jena University Hospital\u2014Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Ziegelm\u00fchlenweg 1, 07743 Jena, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bernd","family":"Sigusch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Jena University Hospital\u2014Friedrich Schiller University Jena, An der alten Post 4, 07743 Jena, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5743-5764","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Britta","family":"Qualmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biochemistry I, Jena University Hospital\u2014Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Nonnenplan 2-4, 07743 Jena, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5967-0744","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael Manfred","family":"Kessels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biochemistry I, Jena University Hospital\u2014Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Nonnenplan 2-4, 07743 Jena, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"684607","article-title":"Dental enamel development: Proteinases and their enamel matrix substrates","volume":"2013","author":"Bartlett","year":"2013","journal-title":"ISRN Dent."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-009-9326-7","article-title":"Regulation of pH During Amelogenesis","volume":"86","author":"Lacruz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Calcif. 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