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With hyperoxia being a major underlying factor, both preterm-birth-related complications are suggested to be closely interrelated. However, experimental models are lacking for the assessment of the potentially close interplay between both organs. To establish a model, suitable for the assessment of both affected organs, Wistar rats were exposed to 80% oxygen from postnatal day 2 (P2) for seven days. Brain and lung tissues were analysed via histomorphometry, immunohistochemistry, real-time PCR, and western blot at term P11. In the brain, hyperoxia induced significant hypomyelination accompanied by a reduction in oligodendrocytes and CD68 expression on microglia cells. These changes correlate with arrested alveolarisation and an increased number of macrophages in the lung. Interestingly, in contrast to the reduced formation of pulmonary microvessels, an increased vascular density was detected in the brain. Seven days of hyperoxia induces typical characteristics of BPD and EoP in neonatal rats, thereby linking impaired alveolarisation with disturbed myelination in the brain and providing an experimental model for understanding pathophysiological mechanisms and identifying organ-spanning novel therapeutic interventions targeting both diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells14060443","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]],"date-time":"2025-03-17T08:57:02Z","timestamp":1742201822000},"page":"443","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["A Novel Model for Simultaneous Evaluation of Hyperoxia-Mediated Brain and Lung Injury in Neonatal Rats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9797-1262","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefanie","family":"Obst","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics I, Neonatology and 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Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karina","family":"Kempe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics I, Neonatology and Experimental Perinatal Neurosciences, Centre for Translational Neuro- and Behavioural Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meriem","family":"Assili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics I, Neonatology and Experimental Perinatal Neurosciences, Centre for Translational Neuro- and Behavioural Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mandana","family":"Rizazad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics I, Neonatology and Experimental Perinatal Neurosciences, Centre for Translational Neuro- and Behavioural Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3907-0917","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dharmesh","family":"Hirani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Cardiopulmonary Institute (CPI), Member of the German Centre for Lung Research, University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, 35392 Giessen, Germany"},{"name":"Translationale Experimental Pediatrics, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3176-0411","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel A.","family":"Alejandre Alcazar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Cardiopulmonary Institute (CPI), Member of the German Centre for Lung Research, University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, 35392 Giessen, Germany"},{"name":"Translationale Experimental Pediatrics, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany"},{"name":"Cologne Excellence Cluster for Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4030-7969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefanie","family":"Endesfelder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology, Charit\u00e9-Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8811-8454","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marius A.","family":"M\u00f6bius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Clinic for Pediatric and Adolescence Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany"},{"name":"Saxony Center for Feto-Neonatal Health, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7498-1209","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario","family":"R\u00fcdiger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Clinic for Pediatric and Adolescence Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany"},{"name":"Saxony Center for Feto-Neonatal Health, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ursula","family":"Felderhoff-M\u00fcser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics I, Neonatology and Experimental Perinatal Neurosciences, Centre for Translational Neuro- and Behavioural Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9751-3640","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivo","family":"Bendix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics I, Neonatology and Experimental Perinatal Neurosciences, Centre for Translational Neuro- and Behavioural Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)00878-4","article-title":"National, regional, and global estimates of preterm birth in 2020, with trends from 2010: A systematic 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