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Identification of the key components essential for the long-term survival of the stem cell niche allowed an indefinite propagation of these cultures and the modulation of their differentiation into various lineages of mature intestinal epithelial cells. While these methods were eventually adapted to establish organoids from different organs, colorectal organoids remain a pioneering model for the development of new applications in health and disease. Several basic and applicative aspects of organoid culture, modeling, monitoring and testing are analyzed in this review. We also tackle the ethical problems of biobanking and distribution of these precious research tools, frequently confined in the laboratory of origin or condemned to destruction at the end of the project.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells14060457","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,20]],"date-time":"2025-03-20T07:59:54Z","timestamp":1742457594000},"page":"457","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Colorectal Organoids: Models, Imaging, Omics, Therapy, Immunology, and Ethics"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-9963-8539","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martina","family":"Taglieri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Di Gregorio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3023-0213","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Serena","family":"Matis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7696-0794","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiara Rosa Maria","family":"Uras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Ardy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9971-9706","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Casati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto per l\u2019Endocrinologia e l\u2019Oncologia Sperimentale \u201cGaetano Salvatore\u201d CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"Common Service ELSI, BBMRI.it (UNIMIB National Node Headquarter), 20126 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica","family":"Marchese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1860-430X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Poggi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lizzia","family":"Raffaghello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9769-0954","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto","family":"Benelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, L., Yan, Q., Chen, Z., Wei, X., Li, L., Tang, D., Tan, J., Xu, C., Yu, C., and Lai, Y. 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