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Most importantly, through their enzyme cargo, EVs mediate pathophysiological processes, including the pathogenesis of cancer. In this review, we enumerate several enzymes secreted in EVs (EV enzyme cargo) from cells and patient clinical samples of breast and prostate cancers and detail their contributions to the progression and survival of both cancers. Findings in this review reveal that the EV enzyme cargo could exert cell progression functions via adhesion, proliferation, migration, invasion, and metastasis. The EV enzyme cargo might also influence cell survival functions of chemoresistance, radioresistance, angiogenesis, cell death inhibition, cell colony formation, and immune evasion. While the current literature provides evidence of the possible contributions of the EV enzyme cargo to the progression and survival mechanisms of breast and prostate cancers, future studies are required to validate that these effects are modified by EVs and provide insights into the clinical applications of the EV enzyme cargo in breast and prostate cancer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells14070468","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,21]],"date-time":"2025-03-21T07:25:00Z","timestamp":1742541900000},"page":"468","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Cell Progression and Survival Functions of Enzymes Secreted in Extracellular Vesicles Associated with Breast and Prostate Cancers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9563-4820","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cosmos Ifeanyi","family":"Onyiba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, NSW 2258, Australia"},{"name":"Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-9917-6109","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Niwasini Krishna","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, NSW 2258, Australia"},{"name":"School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4140-7785","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher J.","family":"Scarlett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia"},{"name":"School of Environmental and Life Sciences, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, NSW 2258, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1218-4903","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Judith","family":"Weidenhofer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, NSW 2258, Australia"},{"name":"Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1042\/bse0590001","article-title":"Enzymes: Principles and biotechnological applications","volume":"59","author":"Robinson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Essays Biochem."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zheng, C., Wei, M., Jia, M., and Cao, M. 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