{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T13:29:29Z","timestamp":1783603769211,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,26]],"date-time":"2025-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742947200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aimed to evaluate the intrinsic in vitro performance of na\u00efve porcine prepubertal Sertoli cells (SCs) and SCs loaded with blank poly(lactic acid) microparticles (MP) or amphotericin B poly(lactic acid) microparticles (AmB-MP) against Candida tropicalis, a prevalent pathogenic non-albicans species. The objective was to assess their impact on biofilm formation and the cellular response mechanisms involved, building on previous findings that highlight SCs\u2019 potential as anti-infective agents and drug carriers. Our results demonstrated that SCs successfully internalized Candida tropicalis while maintaining viability and exhibited a strong anti-infective effect, inhibiting biofilm formation by 70%. This inhibition increased to 80\u201390% when SCs were combined with AmB-MP. The interaction between SCs (both na\u00efve and MP-loaded) and Candida tropicalis triggered the activation of MAPK, AKT, and NF-kB signaling pathways, leading to the upregulated expression of innate immune factors such as MHC-II, TLR-4, TGF-\u03b2, IDO, and \u03b2-defensin 123. These findings reinforce the role of SCs in infection control and drug delivery. Furthermore, their anti-infective and scavenging activity is linked to a tolerogenic phenotype, suggesting a potential dual therapeutic role at the host\u2013pathogen interface.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells14070495","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,26]],"date-time":"2025-03-26T06:58:43Z","timestamp":1742972323000},"page":"495","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Exploring Sertoli Cells\u2019 Innate Bulwark Role Against Infections: In Vitro Performances on Candida tropicalis Biofilms"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Iva","family":"Arato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5043-7233","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefano","family":"Giovagnoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3706-9936","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luca","family":"Roscini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Calvitti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catia","family":"Bellucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cinzia","family":"Lilli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1028-0555","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Eugeni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8410-7248","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefano","family":"Brancorsini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4522-7925","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gianluigi","family":"Cardinali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Luca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy"},{"name":"International Biotechnological Center for Endocrine, Metabolic and Embryo-Reproductive Translational Research (CIRTEMER), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy"},{"name":"Division of Medical Andrology and Endocrinology of Reproduction, Saint Mary Hospital, 05100 Terni, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6562-5923","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"Mancuso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2007.08.029","article-title":"Cell-base drag delivery","volume":"60","author":"Pierie","year":"2008","journal-title":"Adv. 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