{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T02:21:49Z","timestamp":1792808509116,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,18]],"date-time":"2025-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744934400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000268","name":"BBSRC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BBM014932\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BBM014932\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000268","name":"BBSRC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PN-III-P4-ID-PCE-2020-1622"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PN-III-P4-ID-PCE-2020-1622"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000268","name":"BBSRC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["8370651\u2013606"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["8370651\u2013606"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"British-Romanian Academic Institute of Neuroscience, Romania","award":["BBM014932\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BBM014932\/1"]}]},{"name":"British-Romanian Academic Institute of Neuroscience, Romania","award":["PN-III-P4-ID-PCE-2020-1622"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PN-III-P4-ID-PCE-2020-1622"]}]},{"name":"British-Romanian Academic Institute of Neuroscience, Romania","award":["8370651\u2013606"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["8370651\u2013606"]}]},{"name":"PNCDI III","award":["BBM014932\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BBM014932\/1"]}]},{"name":"PNCDI III","award":["PN-III-P4-ID-PCE-2020-1622"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PN-III-P4-ID-PCE-2020-1622"]}]},{"name":"PNCDI III","award":["8370651\u2013606"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["8370651\u2013606"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Vascular basement membranes (BMs), composed of laminins, collagen IV, fibronectin, and perlecan, are secreted by endothelial cells, pericytes, smooth muscle cells (SMCs), and astrocytes. In the brain, amyloid beta (A\u03b2) is eliminated along cerebrovascular BMs of capillaries and arteries as intramural periarterial drainage (IPAD). Ageing modifies vascular BMs, impairing IPAD and leading to A\u03b2 deposition as cerebral amyloid angiopathy. To better understand the molecular determinants of IPAD in ageing, we quantified the relative abundance of BMs secreted by human-derived cerebral endothelial cells, pericytes, brain vascular SMCs, and astrocytes in vitro. We then assessed BM protein levels in SMCs under hypercapnia (8% CO2) as a model of vascular ageing, with and without A\u03b2 exposure. Of the four cell types, we found SMCs secreted the highest levels of fibronectin, laminin, and perlecan, whilst pericytes secreted the highest levels of collagen IV. Hypercapnia increased the expression of collagen IV and fibronectin in SMCs but decreased the expression of laminin. The expression of perlecan increased under hypercapnia, but only in the presence of A\u03b2. This work highlights the varying compositions of vascular BMs and the dynamic differential responses of SMCs to A\u03b2 and hypercapnia, helping to elucidate the age-related changes that impair IPAD in cerebral vessels.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells14080614","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,18]],"date-time":"2025-04-18T08:24:07Z","timestamp":1744964647000},"page":"614","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Proportions of Basement Membrane Proteins in Cerebrovascular Smooth Muscle Cells After Exposure to Hypercapnia and Amyloid Beta"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Jennifer M.","family":"Dewing","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abby","family":"Keable","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandru","family":"Laslo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"British-Romanian Academic Institute of Neuroscience (BRAIN), University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology \u201cG.E.Palade\u201d Targu Mures, 540142 Targu-Mures, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Chinezu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"British-Romanian Academic Institute of Neuroscience (BRAIN), University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology \u201cG.E.Palade\u201d Targu Mures, 540142 Targu-Mures, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Ivanescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"British-Romanian Academic Institute of Neuroscience (BRAIN), University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology \u201cG.E.Palade\u201d Targu Mures, 540142 Targu-Mures, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1027-6938","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J. Arjuna","family":"Ratnayaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7907-4923","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raj","family":"Kalaria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurovascular Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing & Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3767-4861","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark","family":"Slevin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"British-Romanian Academic Institute of Neuroscience (BRAIN), University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology \u201cG.E.Palade\u201d Targu Mures, 540142 Targu-Mures, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ajay","family":"Verma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Formation Venture Engineering Foundry, Boston, MA 02494, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roxana O.","family":"Carare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK"},{"name":"British-Romanian Academic Institute of Neuroscience (BRAIN), University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology \u201cG.E.Palade\u201d Targu Mures, 540142 Targu-Mures, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2990.2007.00926.x","article-title":"Solutes, but not cells, drain from the brain parenchyma along basement membranes of capillaries and arteries: Significance for cerebral amyloid angiopathy and neuroimmunology","volume":"34","author":"Carare","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuropathol. 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