{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T06:50:15Z","timestamp":1791269415292,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":133,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]],"date-time":"2025-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745884800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Immunocompetent cells of B lineage function in the humoral immunity system in the adaptive immune responses. B cells differentiate into plasmacytes upon antigen-induced activation and produce different subclasses of immunoglobulins\/antibodies. Secreted immunoglobulins not only interact with pathogens to inactivate and neutralize them, but also involve the complement system to exert antibacterial activities and trigger opsonization. Endometrium is a mucosal tissue that lines the mammalian uterus and is indispensable for the establishment of a successful pregnancy. The lymphocytes of B cell lineage are a minority in the human cycling endometrium. Human endometrial B cells have therefore been understudied so far. However, the disorders of the female reproductive tract, including chronic endometritis and endometriosis, have highlighted the importance of further research on the endometrial B cell lineage. This review aims to revisit lymphopoiesis, maturation, commitment, and survival of B cells, shedding light on their physiological and pathological implications in the human endometrium.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells14090648","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,2]],"date-time":"2025-05-02T11:35:13Z","timestamp":1746185713000},"page":"648","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["B Cell Lineage in the Human Endometrium: Physiological and Pathological Implications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5693-3139","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kotaro","family":"Kitaya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Infertility Center, Iryouhoujin Kouseikai Mihara Hospital, 6-8 Kamikatsura Miyanogo-cho, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8227, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2022.01.003","article-title":"Unraveling B cell trajectories at single cell resolution","volume":"43","author":"Morgan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Da Silva, I.D., Wuidar, V., Zielonka, M., and Pequeux, C. 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