{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T16:55:36Z","timestamp":1792169736743,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]],"date-time":"2025-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745884800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Bio &amp; Medical Technology Development Program of the National Research Foundation funded by the Korean government","award":["NRF-2023R1A2C100531"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2023R1A2C100531"]}]},{"name":"Bio &amp; Medical Technology Development Program of the National Research Foundation funded by the Korean government","award":["RS-2022-00070557"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2022-00070557"]}]},{"name":"Bio &amp; Medical Technology Development Program of the National Research Foundation funded by the Korean government","award":["RS-2024-00399351"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2024-00399351"]}]},{"name":"Bio &amp; Medical Technology Development Program of the National Research Foundation funded by the Korean government","award":["RS-2024-00439915"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2024-00439915"]}]},{"name":"Patient-Centered Clinical Research Coordinating Center (PACEN) funded by the Ministry of Health &amp; Welfare, Republic of Korea","award":["NRF-2023R1A2C100531"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2023R1A2C100531"]}]},{"name":"Patient-Centered Clinical Research Coordinating Center (PACEN) funded by the Ministry of Health &amp; Welfare, Republic of Korea","award":["RS-2022-00070557"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2022-00070557"]}]},{"name":"Patient-Centered Clinical Research Coordinating Center (PACEN) funded by the Ministry of Health &amp; Welfare, Republic of Korea","award":["RS-2024-00399351"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2024-00399351"]}]},{"name":"Patient-Centered Clinical Research Coordinating Center (PACEN) funded by the Ministry of Health &amp; Welfare, Republic of Korea","award":["RS-2024-00439915"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2024-00439915"]}]},{"name":"Uijeongbu St. Mary\u2019s Hospital of The Catholic University of Korea","award":["NRF-2023R1A2C100531"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2023R1A2C100531"]}]},{"name":"Uijeongbu St. Mary\u2019s Hospital of The Catholic University of Korea","award":["RS-2022-00070557"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2022-00070557"]}]},{"name":"Uijeongbu St. Mary\u2019s Hospital of The Catholic University of Korea","award":["RS-2024-00399351"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2024-00399351"]}]},{"name":"Uijeongbu St. Mary\u2019s Hospital of The Catholic University of Korea","award":["RS-2024-00439915"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2024-00439915"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Vascular dementia (VD), characterized by cognitive decline and behavioral disorders, has seen a rapid increase in prevalence in recent years. However, effective treatments for VD remain unavailable. Due to its regenerative potential, stem cell therapy has garnered attention as a promising approach for VD treatment, yet it has shown limited effects on cognitive and behavioral impairments caused by the disease. To address this limitation, this study aimed to develop a novel treatment using human embryonic stem cell-derived multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MMSCs). The therapeutic efficacy of MMSCs was evaluated using a vascular dementia mouse model induced by bilateral carotid artery stenosis (BCAS). The effects of MMSCs were assessed through behavioral tests and postmortem brain tissue analysis, including mRNA expression analysis and hematoxylin and eosin (H&amp;E) staining. MMSCs treatment significantly improved both working memory and long-term memory. Histological analysis revealed enhanced angiogenesis, preservation of blood\u2013brain barrier integrity, and improved hippocampal organization. Furthermore, MMSCs treatment reduced the expression of Rock1\/2, indicating suppression of neuroinflammatory and apoptotic pathways. These findings suggest that MMSCs offer a sustainable and effective therapeutic approach for vascular dementia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells14090651","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,2]],"date-time":"2025-05-02T11:35:13Z","timestamp":1746185713000},"page":"651","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Multipotent Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy for Vascular Dementia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6299-6876","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eun-Young","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Miraecellbio Co., Ltd., Seoul 04795, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ki-Sung","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Miraecellbio Co., Ltd., Seoul 04795, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2629-5225","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dong-Hun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Industry-Academic Cooperation Foundation, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daro, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eun Chae","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Life Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyung-Min","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Miraecellbio Co., Ltd., Seoul 04795, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, 268 Chungwon-daero, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6965-7831","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Se-Pill","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Miraecellbio Co., Ltd., Seoul 04795, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Man Ryul","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, KU Institute of Science and Technology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4570-6763","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jae Sang","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Uijeongbu St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Iemolo, F., Duro, G., Rizzo, C., Castiglia, L., Hachinski, V., and Caruso, C. 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