{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T02:19:06Z","timestamp":1790734746283,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":119,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,25]],"date-time":"2025-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748131200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Macao Young Scholars Program","award":["AM2023024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AM2023024"]}]},{"name":"Macao Young Scholars Program","award":["FG-2407-43793"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FG-2407-43793"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000890","name":"National Multiple Sclerosis Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AM2023024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AM2023024"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000890","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000890","name":"National Multiple Sclerosis Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FG-2407-43793"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FG-2407-43793"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000890","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Inflammation is a central hallmark of cardiomyopathy, where misdirected immune responses contribute to chronic myocardial dysfunction. Among the emerging molecular mechanisms implicated in this process, the cyclic GMP\u2013AMP synthase (cGAS)\/stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling pathway has garnered increasing attention. Acting as a key cytosolic DNA sensor, the cGAS\/STING pathway orchestrates inflammatory responses triggered by microbial infections or endogenous cellular stressors such as autophagy and apoptosis. Despite its pivotal role, the precise molecular mechanisms regulating this pathway and its role in cardiomyopathy-associated inflammation remain poorly understood and subject to ongoing debate. To address this scientific gap, we first reviewed key findings on cGAS\/STING signaling in various forms of cardiomyopathy, drawing from in vivo and in vitro studies, as well as clinical samples. In the next step, we explored how the cGAS\/STING pathway could be modulated by specific agonists and antagonists in the context of cardiac disease. Finally, by integrating publicly available human single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data and a systematic literature review, we identified existing molecular interventions and highlighted promising therapeutic targets aimed at mitigating cGAS\/STING-driven inflammation. This comprehensive approach emphasizes the therapeutic potential of targeting the cGAS\/STING pathway and provides a foundation for developing novel interventions aimed at alleviating inflammatory cardiomyopathy and improving patient outcomes. Future studies will be essential to validate these findings and facilitate their translation into clinical practice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells14110778","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,25]],"date-time":"2025-05-25T20:39:36Z","timestamp":1748205576000},"page":"778","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The cGAS\/STING Pathway: Friend or Foe in Regulating Cardiomyopathy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Weiyue","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for AI in Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999087, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5314-0195","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuanxu","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for AI in Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999087, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyun Kyoung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA"},{"name":"Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children\u2019s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Albert Cheung-Hoi","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Kipp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, Gertrudenstra\u00dfe 9, 18057 Rostock, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannes","family":"Kaddatz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, Gertrudenstra\u00dfe 9, 18057 Rostock, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 36, 18057 Rostock, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3836-8332","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiangshan","family":"Zhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA"},{"name":"Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children\u2019s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"640","article-title":"Cardiomyopathy: An Overview","volume":"96","author":"Brieler","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. 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