{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T19:24:43Z","timestamp":1793647483823,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":160,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,31]],"date-time":"2025-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748649600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda (CONACyT)","award":["181931"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["181931"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Congenital Heart Diseases (CHDs) are a heterogeneous group of structural abnormalities affecting the heart and major arteries, which are present in at least 1% of births worldwide. Studies have linked CHD to both genetic and environmental factors. In this regard, it has been demonstrated that changes in the epigenetic pattern impact the expression of key genes involved in proper cardiac development. Therefore, it is suggested that aberrant epigenetic mechanisms may contribute to the development of these pathologies. Here, we review and summarize the main epigenetic mechanisms involved in CHD. Moreover, cardiac development and the importance of the environment and CHD are also addressed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells14110820","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]],"date-time":"2025-06-02T12:27:09Z","timestamp":1748867229000},"page":"820","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Congenital Heart Diseases: Recent Insights into Epigenetic Mechanisms"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3802-0897","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Manuel","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-P\u00e9rez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiolog\u00eda Ignacio Ch\u00e1vez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1400-0883","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diego B.","family":"Ortega-Zhind\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery and Congenital Heart Disease, Instituto Nacional de Cardiolog\u00eda Ignacio Ch\u00e1vez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"},{"name":"Programa de Maestr\u00eda y Doctorado en Ciencias M\u00e9dicas, Odontol\u00f3gicas y de la Salud, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-3042-1092","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clara","family":"Villamil-Casta\u00f1eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiolog\u00eda Ignacio Ch\u00e1vez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"},{"name":"Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biom\u00e9dicas, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-0111-7115","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier Santiago","family":"Lara-Ortiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiolog\u00eda Ignacio Ch\u00e1vez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ver\u00f3nica Marusa","family":"Borgonio-Cuadra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Genomic Medicine, Department of Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitaci\u00f3n Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Mexico City 14389, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5317-0527","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge L.","family":"Cervantes-Salazar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery and Congenital Heart Disease, Instituto Nacional de Cardiolog\u00eda Ignacio Ch\u00e1vez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Calder\u00f3n-Colmenero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiolog\u00eda Ignacio Ch\u00e1vez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-9326-5051","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zeomara Nathali","family":"Escalante-Ruiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiolog\u00eda Ignacio Ch\u00e1vez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"},{"name":"Academic Division of Health Sciences, Universidad Ju\u00e1rez Aut\u00f3noma de Tabasco, Villahermosa 86100, Tabasco, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-1560-9904","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduardo","family":"Retama-M\u00e9ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiolog\u00eda Ignacio Ch\u00e1vez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"},{"name":"Academic Division of Health Sciences, Universidad Ju\u00e1rez Aut\u00f3noma de Tabasco, Villahermosa 86100, Tabasco, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yessica C.","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery and Congenital Heart Disease, Instituto Nacional de Cardiolog\u00eda Ignacio Ch\u00e1vez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4786-508X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nonanzit","family":"P\u00e9rez-Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiolog\u00eda Ignacio Ch\u00e1vez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peixoto, P., Cartron, P.-F., Serandour, A.A., and Hervouet, E. 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