{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T22:43:04Z","timestamp":1788388984430,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,13]],"date-time":"2025-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749772800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006769","name":"Russian Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["24-25-00030"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24-25-00030"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of irreversible visual impairment worldwide. AMD development is associated with inflammation, oxidative stress, and a progressive proteostasis imbalance, in whose regulation, c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) play a crucial role. JNK inhibition is being discussed as a new way to prevent and treat AMD, but there are no data on JNK signaling in the retina and its changes with age and with AMD development. Here, for the first time, we assessed JNK-signaling activity in the retina and did not detect its age-related changes in healthy Wistar rats. By contrast, manifestation and progression of the AMD-like pathology in OXYS rats occurred simultaneously with JNK pathway activation. We also confirmed that selective JNK3 inhibitor 11H-indeno[1,2-b]quinoxalin-11-one oxime sodium salt (IQ-1S) can suppress neurodegenerative changes in the OXYS rat retina. Its effects were prevention of the destructive changes in retinal synapses and the suppression of the JNK signaling pathway activity during active progression of AMD signs in OXYS rats.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells14120896","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T03:37:07Z","timestamp":1750131427000},"page":"896","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Alterations of JNK Signaling Pathway Activity in the Rat Retina: Effects of Age, Age-Related Macular Degeneration-like Pathology, and a JNK Inhibitor (IQ-1S)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0665-1723","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalia A.","family":"Muraleva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, 10 Pr. Akad. Lavrentieva, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dmitry I.","family":"Tikhonov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology, Embryology and Cytology, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk 634055, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4954-7416","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna A.","family":"Zhdankina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology, Embryology and Cytology, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk 634055, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0548-6586","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark B.","family":"Plotnikov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk NRMC, 3 Lenin Ave., Tomsk 634028, Russia"},{"name":"Radoiphysical Faculty, National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk 634050, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3022-4510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrei I.","family":"Khlebnikov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kizhner Research Center, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 30 Lenin Ave, Tomsk 634050, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergey V.","family":"Logvinov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology, Embryology and Cytology, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk 634055, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2398-8544","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nataliya G.","family":"Kolosova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, 10 Pr. Akad. Lavrentieva, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867326666190726121711","article-title":"Pharmacological Advances in the Treatment of Age-Related Macular Degeneration","volume":"27","author":"Abraldes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2021.01.003","article-title":"Age-Related Macular Degeneration","volume":"105","author":"Thomas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-vision-112122-020950","article-title":"Structure, Function, and Molecular Landscapes of the Aging Retina","volume":"9","author":"Zhu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Vis. 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