{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T09:50:31Z","timestamp":1792144231197,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,11]],"date-time":"2025-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752192000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["#404181\/2023-6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#404181\/2023-6"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1238\/2022\/88881.707895\/2022-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1238\/2022\/88881.707895\/2022-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","award":["#404181\/2023-6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#404181\/2023-6"]}]},{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}]},{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","award":["1238\/2022\/88881.707895\/2022-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1238\/2022\/88881.707895\/2022-01"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Early-life brain injuries are major causes of long-term neurodevelopmental disorders such as cerebral palsy. Emerging evidence suggests these injuries can alter the gut microbiota composition, intestinal integrity, and neuroinflammatory responses. This systematic review evaluated the impact of early-life brain injuries on the gut microbiota in rodent models. A scientific literature search was conducted across Medline\/PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase. Initially, 7419 records were identified, and 21 eligible studies were included. Eligible studies focused on evaluating the microbiota alterations and related gut\u2013brain axis markers at the neonatal or post-weaning stages. The data extraction and synthesis followed PRISMA guidelines. Most studies reported gut dysbiosis characterized by a decreased abundance of Bacteroidetes, and Lactobacillus. Alterations were associated with an increased gut permeability, reduced tight junction proteins, and elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines. Several studies showed reduced levels of short-chain fatty acids and metabolic pathway disruptions. Brain outcomes included neuroinflammation, white matter injury, altered gene expression, and impaired structural integrity. These results suggest that early-life brain injury induces complex alterations in the gut microbiota and its metabolic products, which may contribute to systemic and neuroinflammatory processes. Understanding these interactions offers insights into the pathophysiology of neurodevelopmental disorders and highlights the gut\u2013brain axis as a potential target for early interventions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells14141063","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,11]],"date-time":"2025-07-11T10:26:53Z","timestamp":1752229613000},"page":"1063","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Impact of Early-Life Brain Injury on Gut Microbiota Composition in Rodents: Systematic Review with Implications for Neurodevelopment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Vanessa da Silva","family":"Souza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Medical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Pernambuco, Brazil"},{"name":"Studies in Nutrition and Phenotypic Plasticity Unit, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-420, Pernambuco, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raul","family":"Manh\u00e3es-de-Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Studies in Nutrition and Phenotypic Plasticity Unit, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-420, Pernambuco, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabrina da Concei\u00e7\u00e3o","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Studies in Nutrition and Phenotypic Plasticity Unit, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-420, Pernambuco, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatriz Souza","family":"de Silveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Medical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Pernambuco, Brazil"},{"name":"Studies in Nutrition and Phenotypic Plasticity Unit, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-420, Pernambuco, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caio Matheus Santos da Silva","family":"Calado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Medical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Pernambuco, Brazil"},{"name":"Studies in Nutrition and Phenotypic Plasticity Unit, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-420, Pernambuco, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8784-3881","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henrique Jos\u00e9 Cavalcanti Bezerra","family":"Gouveia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Studies in Nutrition and Phenotypic Plasticity Unit, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-420, Pernambuco, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacques-Olivier","family":"Coq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut des Sciences du Mouvement (ISM), Equipe DynamiCC, UMR 7287 CNRS\/Aix Marseille Universit\u00e9,  13000  Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7216-6523","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Elisa","family":"Toscano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Medical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Pernambuco, Brazil"},{"name":"Studies in Nutrition and Phenotypic Plasticity Unit, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-420, Pernambuco, Brazil"},{"name":"Nursing Unit, Vitoria Academic Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitoria de Santo Ant\u00e3o 55608-680, Pernambuco, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"318","article-title":"Infammation and early brain injury in term and preterm infants","volume":"14","author":"Berger","year":"2012","journal-title":"Isr. 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