{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T10:29:05Z","timestamp":1782210545870,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,23]],"date-time":"2025-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753228800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is widely used to treat cholestatic liver diseases such as primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), yet its molecular mechanisms remain unclear. This study investigated the impact of long-term UDCA therapy on circulating levels of the microRNAs miR-34a and miR-506, which are implicated in PBC pathogenesis, and explored associated changes in inflammatory markers and signaling pathways. Serum samples from patients with PBC and PSC were collected before and after UDCA treatment and analyzed for miRNA expression as well as levels of TREM-2 and sCD163. In vitro studies using human cholangiocytes and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation assessed changes in the expression of miR-34a, TREM-2, and ADAM17. The results showed that the baseline levels of miR-34a and miR-506 were significantly elevated in PBC patients compared to controls and were significantly reduced after UDCA therapy in PBC but not in PSC. UDCA also decreased serum levels of TREM-2 and sCD163. In vitro, it suppressed the LPS-induced expression of miR-34a and ADAM17 while enhancing TREM-2 expression. Single-cell RNA sequencing of liver tissue and immunofluorescence staining confirmed TREM-2 expression in cholangiocytes. These findings suggest that UDCA modulates key inflammatory pathways and miRNAs in PBC, providing mechanistic insights into its therapeutic effect<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells14151137","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,23]],"date-time":"2025-07-23T11:52:47Z","timestamp":1753271567000},"page":"1137","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The Effect of Ursodeoxycholic Acid (UDCA) on Serum Expression of miR-34a and miR-506 in Patients with Chronic Cholestatic Liver Diseases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Eliza","family":"Cielica","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-9544-4647","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alicja","family":"\u0141aba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piotr","family":"Milkiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver and Internal Medicine Unit, Department of General, Transplant and Liver Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland"},{"name":"Translational Medicine Group, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5558-7636","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beata","family":"Kruk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Metabolic Liver Diseases, Department of General, Transplant and Liver Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7513-8640","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Kempinska-Podhorodecka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0686-3953","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrycja","family":"K\u0142os","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6193-7436","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro M.","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biogipuzkoa Health Research Institute, Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV\/EHU), 20014 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain"},{"name":"National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd, \u201cInstituto de Salud Carlos III\u201d), 28220 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-0011-1980","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beatriz","family":"Val","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biogipuzkoa Health Research Institute, Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV\/EHU), 20014 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain"},{"name":"National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd, \u201cInstituto de Salud Carlos III\u201d), 28220 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria J.","family":"Perugorria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biogipuzkoa Health Research Institute, Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV\/EHU), 20014 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain"},{"name":"National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd, \u201cInstituto de Salud Carlos III\u201d), 28220 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV\/EHU), 20014 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jesus M.","family":"Banales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biogipuzkoa Health Research Institute, Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV\/EHU), 20014 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain"},{"name":"National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd, \u201cInstituto de Salud Carlos III\u201d), 28220 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2064-0545","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Malgorzata","family":"Milkiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)01303-5","article-title":"Primary biliary 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