{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T03:04:44Z","timestamp":1790996684021,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":421,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]],"date-time":"2025-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753660800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"HUN-REN Hungarian Research Network"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, imposes growing clinical and socioeconomic burdens worldwide. Despite landmark discoveries in dopamine biology and \u03b1-synuclein pathology, translating mechanistic insights into effective, personalized interventions remains elusive. Recent advances in molecular profiling, neuroimaging, and computational modeling have broadened the understanding of PD as a multifactorial systems disorder rather than a purely dopaminergic condition. However, critical gaps persist in diagnostic precision, biomarker standardization, and the translation of bench side findings into clinically meaningful therapies. This review critically examines the current landscape of PD research, identifying conceptual blind spots and methodological shortfalls across pathophysiology, clinical evaluation, trial design, and translational readiness. By synthesizing evidence from molecular neuroscience, data science, and global health, the review proposes strategic directions to recalibrate the research agenda toward precision neurology. Here I highlight the urgent need for interdisciplinary, globally inclusive, and biomarker-driven frameworks to overcome the fragmented progression of PD research. Grounded in the Accelerating Medicines Partnership-Parkinson\u2019s Disease (AMP-PD) and the Parkinson\u2019s Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI), this review maps shared biomarkers, open data, and patient-driven tools to faster personalized treatment. In doing so, it offers actionable insights for researchers, clinicians, and policymakers working at the intersection of biology, technology, and healthcare delivery. As the field pivots from symptomatic relief to disease modification, the road forward must be cohesive, collaborative, and rigorously translational, ensuring that laboratory discoveries systematically progress to clinical application.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells14151161","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]],"date-time":"2025-07-28T14:05:47Z","timestamp":1753711547000},"page":"1161","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Parkinson\u2019s Disease: Bridging Gaps, Building Biomarkers, and Reimagining Clinical Translation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4383-4024","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masaru","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"HUN-REN-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, Hungarian Research Network, University of Szeged, Tisza Lajos krt. 113, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000010496","article-title":"Toward biomarker-based clinical subtyping of Parkinson disease","volume":"95","author":"Lamotte","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1007\/s12264-017-0178-2","article-title":"Milestones of Parkinson\u2019s Disease Research: 200 Years of History and Beyond","volume":"33","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurosci. 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