{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:37:51Z","timestamp":1787027871229,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]],"date-time":"2025-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755734400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016247","name":"Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences (Poland)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N060\/0008\/23"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N060\/0008\/23"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016247","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In the pursuit of novel anticancer therapies, assessing their selectivity and safety profile towards healthy cells is crucial. This study investigated chlorochalcones, derivatives of 2\u2032-hydroxychalcone containing a chlorine atom, for their impact on human breast cancer cells (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231), healthy blood cells (erythrocytes, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), platelets), and microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1). Our findings demonstrated that chlorochalcones did not detrimentally affect erythrocytes, showing no hemolysis or preserving osmotic resistance and transmembrane potential. They also exhibited minimal impact on normal PBMC viability and varying effects on platelet metabolic activity at therapeutic concentrations. Importantly, these derivatives displayed lower toxicity towards HMEC-1 endothelial cells than towards breast cancer cells, indicating a degree of selectivity. Chlorochalcones have high antiproliferative activity against cancer cells, primarily by inducing apoptosis with virtually no significant impact on cell cycle progression. Their mechanism of action involves the modulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and induction of mitochondrial dysfunction, including membrane depolarization and reduced mitochondrial mass. Biological activity, including toxicity and ROS modulation, is dependent on the position and number of chlorine atoms. In conclusion, this study highlights the ability of chlorochalcones to effectively target malignant cells while sparing normal circulatory and endothelial cells, thus positioning them as a promising class of candidates for further anticancer drug development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells14161299","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]],"date-time":"2025-08-22T07:41:45Z","timestamp":1755848505000},"page":"1299","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Selective Anticancer Activity and Safety Profile of Chlorochalcones: Impact on Breast Cancer, Blood, and Endothelial Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8191-0804","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sylwia","family":"Cyboran-Miko\u0142ajczyk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Wroc\u0142aw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25 St., 50-375 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6374-9356","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karolina","family":"Matczak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141\/143 St., 90-236 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-9489-5732","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teresa","family":"Ka\u017amierczak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Wroc\u0142aw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25 St., 50-375 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1460-0472","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalia","family":"Trochanowska-Pauk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Wroc\u0142aw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25 St., 50-375 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2219-817X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomasz","family":"Walski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroc\u0142aw University of Science and Technology, Wybrze\u017ce Wyspia\u0144skiego 27, 50-370 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6654-9627","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raghvendra","family":"Bohara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, D.Y. 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