{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T16:27:51Z","timestamp":1785342471511,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":228,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756252800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Eye Institute","award":["ARD\/MIR R01 EY035681"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ARD\/MIR R01 EY035681"]}]},{"name":"National Eye Institute","award":["NEI P30 EY001792"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NEI P30 EY001792"]}]},{"name":"Research to Prevent Blindness Unrestricted Departmental Grant","award":["ARD\/MIR R01 EY035681"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ARD\/MIR R01 EY035681"]}]},{"name":"Research to Prevent Blindness Unrestricted Departmental Grant","award":["NEI P30 EY001792"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NEI P30 EY001792"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Corneal nerve integrity is vital for maintaining ocular surface health and visual clarity, but damage from injury or disease can lead to pain, persistent epithelial defects, and even vision loss. A deeper understanding of how corneal nerves regenerate at the molecular level is key to developing therapies that restore both anatomical structure and function. In this review, we bring together current insights into the pathways that drive corneal nerve repair after injury. We outline the major signaling pathways that promote neuronal survival, axon extension, and nerve\u2013epithelial interactions, along with evolving research around novel modulators that could improve repair outcomes. Although advances in imaging and molecular therapies have led to significant progress in promoting nerve regrowth, functional sensory recovery often lags. This gap in recovery emphasizes the need for research approaches that align anatomical restoration with sensory function. In this review, we aim to clarify the mechanisms underlying corneal nerve regeneration (and their intersections) and identify opportunities for improving patient outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells14171322","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T15:49:34Z","timestamp":1756309774000},"page":"1322","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Mechanisms of Corneal Nerve Regeneration: Examining Molecular Regulators"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8027-7314","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bianca","family":"Bigit","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0429-7692","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victor H.","family":"Guaiquil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali R.","family":"Djalilian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark I.","family":"Rosenblatt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2013.09.002","article-title":"Corneal Nerves in Health and Disease","volume":"59","author":"Shaheen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Surv. 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