{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T06:20:34Z","timestamp":1791613234377,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758672000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Recent progress in assisted reproductive medicine has introduced novel therapeutic possibilities for couples experiencing various reproductive challenges or subfertility. A critical concern in this field is the diminished ovarian response to hormonal treatments preceding ovum pickup, necessitating personalised and optimised protocols to enhance ovarian response across different age groups. Furthermore, a common male factor in IVF couples, oligozoospermia, characterised by a low sperm count, significantly impacts the success rates of assisted reproductive technologies, posing an increasing challenge for in vitro fertilisation clinics. Lifestyle choices, dietary habits, and overall health behaviours have also demonstrably affected fertility outcomes in the 21st century. This original article aims to highlight the synergistic importance of both partners\u2019 health, specifically addressing poor ovarian response and oligozoospermia, in achieving successful conception. Our study analysed intracytoplasmic sperm injection outcomes in couples affected by both aforementioned conditions and proposed an optimal management strategy. This study shows that oligozoospermia significantly reduced ICSI fertilisation and cleavage rates. Poor ovarian responders experienced more cancelled cycles due to fewer embryos. While blastocyst rates relative to zygotes were comparable, overall success was lower in groups with male factor infertility and poor ovarian response, necessitating personalised treatment approaches.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells14191492","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T12:15:31Z","timestamp":1758716131000},"page":"1492","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Success Rates of Assisted Reproduction in Couples with Poor Ovarian Response and Oligospermia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6221-8089","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jakub","family":"Wyroba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Malopolski Institute of Fertility Diagnostics and Treatment\u2014KrakOvi, 30-118 Krakow, Poland"},{"name":"Fertility Disorders Clinic, Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University, 30-705 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"Kochan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Malopolski Institute of Fertility Diagnostics and Treatment\u2014KrakOvi, 30-118 Krakow, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Animal Reproduction, Anatomy and Genomics, University of Agriculture in Krak\u00f3w, 30-705 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2423-8238","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maciej","family":"Br\u0105zert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostics and Treatment of Infertility, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3344-5060","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Kordowitzki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic and Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Torun, Poland"},{"name":"Department for Gynaecology, Charit\u00e9 Medical University, 10117 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1939","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-025-03621-x","article-title":"IVF versus ICSI in patients without severe male factor infertility: A randomized clinical trial","volume":"31","author":"Berntsen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2728","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/det303","article-title":"The optimum number of oocytes in IVF treatment: An analysis of 2455 cycles in China","volume":"28","author":"Ji","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1186\/s13048-025-01613-6","article-title":"Pretreatment with oral contraceptives benefit POSEIDON group 1 low prognosis patients during GnRH-antagonist protocol: A propensity score-matched retrospective cohort study","volume":"18","author":"Wu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Ovarian Res."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S95.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.05.046","article-title":"The adult ovary at single cell resolution: An expert review","volume":"232","author":"Rooda","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2024.11.045","article-title":"The impact of age and number of oocytes retrieved on the cumulative live birth rate in women with poor ovarian response: A 15-year study","volume":"305","author":"Polanski","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.12706","article-title":"Effect of body mass index on the outcome of IVF cycles among patients with poor ovarian response","volume":"144","author":"Maged","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Gynaecol. Obstet."},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"465","article-title":"Dual stimulation in unexpected poor responder POSEIDON classification group 1, sub-group 2a: A cross-sectional study","volume":"18","author":"Eftekhar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Reprod. Biomed."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-022-01964-y","article-title":"Predicting IVF outcome in poor ovarian responders","volume":"22","author":"Lebovitz","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Womens Health"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u00c7ayan, S., Altay, A.B., Rambhatla, A., Colpi, G.M., and Agarwal, A. (2024). Is there a role for hormonal therapy in men with oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (OAT)?. J. Clin. Med., 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14010185"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.5534\/wjmh.230076","article-title":"Technical aspects and clinical limitations of sperm DNA fragmentation testing in male infertility: A global survey, current guidelines, and expert recommendations","volume":"42","author":"Agarwal","year":"2024","journal-title":"World J. Mens Health"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmaf003","article-title":"Molecular insights into sperm head shaping and its role in human male fertility","volume":"31","author":"He","year":"2025","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod. Update"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/S0303-7207(99)00224-5","article-title":"Premature ovarian failure","volume":"161","author":"Vegetti","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119973","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2024.119973","article-title":"A retrospective analysis of 1600 infertility patients with azoospermia and severe oligozoospermia","volume":"565","author":"Zhou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2600","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/17.10.2600","article-title":"Prenatal testing in ICSI pregnancies: Incidence of chromosomal anomalies in 1586 karyotypes and relation to sperm parameters","volume":"17","author":"Bonduelle","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/8.2.111","article-title":"Follow-up of children born after ICSI","volume":"8","author":"Bonduelle","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod. Update"},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"European IVF Monitoring Consortium (EIM), Wyns, C., De Geyter, C., Calhaz-Jorge, C., Kupka, M.S., Motrenko, T., Smeenk, J., Bergh, C., Tandler-Schneider, A., and Rugescu, I.A. (2022). ART in Europe, 2018: Results generated from European registries by ESHRE. Hum. Reprod. Open, 2022, hoac022."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2921","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deab198","article-title":"International Committee for Monitoring Assisted Reproductive Technologies world report: Assisted reproductive technology, 2014","volume":"36","author":"Chambers","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000002730","article-title":"Temporal differences in utilization of intracytoplasmic sperm injection among U.S. regions","volume":"132","author":"Zagadailov","year":"2018","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1322","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dey118","article-title":"ICSI does not increase the cumulative live birth rate in non-male factor infertility","volume":"33","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"119","article-title":"The role of intracytoplasmic sperm injection in non-male factor infertility in advanced maternal age","volume":"32","author":"Tannus","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1038\/s41443-024-00985-5","article-title":"Comment on: Male reproductive aging: Can men with oligospermia become azoospermic over time?","volume":"37","author":"Karavani","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Impot. Res."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e4194","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa390","article-title":"Nonsurgical management of oligozoospermia","volume":"105","author":"Choy","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"1615","article-title":"Anti-M\u00fcllerian hormone concentrations in women of different reproductive age and the chances of IVF outcome: A paradigm shift is needed","volume":"16","author":"Wyroba","year":"2025","journal-title":"Aging Dis."}],"container-title":["Cells"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4409\/14\/19\/1492\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T18:48:52Z","timestamp":1760035732000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4409\/14\/19\/1492"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["cells14191492"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells14191492","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]]}}}