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Uniquely, the female reproductive system undergoes cyclical and repetitive angiogenesis with folliculogenesis, decidualization, implantation, and embryo development throughout the reproductive cycle. Ovarian angiogenesis involves a coordinated network of signaling pathways and molecular factors. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is the primary driver of this process, supported by other regulators such as fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF). Understanding the molecular mechanisms that govern ovarian angiogenesis is essential for developing new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in reproductive medicine. Vascular dysfunction and impaired angiogenesis are key contributors to various ovarian disorders and infertility, including polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Therefore, in-depth studies of ovarian vascularization are crucial for identifying the pathophysiology of these conditions and guiding the development of effective treatments. Advancing knowledge in this area holds significant potential for innovation in both medicine and biotechnology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells14191555","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T08:05:36Z","timestamp":1759824336000},"page":"1555","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["The Role of Growth Factors and Signaling Pathways in Ovarian Angiogenesis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-3155-6739","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hanna","family":"Jankowska-Ziemak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Surgery, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, 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