{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T18:30:19Z","timestamp":1793039419741,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759968000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a multifunctional cytokine implicated in various inflammatory and immune-mediated processes. Its involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has been increasingly investigated, particularly related to disease activity and tissue damage. This study aimed to quantify serum IL-6 levels in patients with SLE and assess their associations with clinical manifestations and laboratory parameters. Methods: A total of 88 patients diagnosed with SLE and 87 matched healthy controls were included. Serum IL-6 concentrations were measured by ELISA. Clinical data, SLEDAI scores, organ involvement, inflammatory markers, and autoantibody profiles were recorded. The statistical analysis involved non-parametric testing, correlation analysis, and linear regression. Results: IL-6 concentrations were higher in SLE patients than in controls (7.46 \u00b1 6.73 vs. 5.30 \u00b1 10.89 pg\/mL). Significantly increased IL-6 levels were observed in patients with active disease (SLEDAI \u2265 6; p = 0.025) and renal (p = 0.001) involvement. Positive correlations were identified between IL-6 and ESR, creatinine, ANA, and specific autoantibodies (anti-dsDNA, SSA, and SSB). IL-6 also correlated with IL-10 (p = 0.010) but showed no significant association with IL-17A, TNF-\u03b1, CRP, or complement levels. Conclusions: Elevated IL-6 levels are associated with greater disease activity and specific organ involvement in SLE. These findings highlight IL-6 as a measurable indicator of immunological and clinical disease expression, supporting its relevance in disease monitoring.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells14191568","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T16:54:31Z","timestamp":1760028871000},"page":"1568","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Serum Interleukin-6 in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Insights into Immune Dysregulation, Disease Activity, and Clinical Manifestations"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-1267-6134","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patricia","family":"Richter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"I Rheumatology Clinic, Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 14 Pantelimon Halipa Street, 700661 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1155-7325","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ciprian","family":"Rezus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"III Internal Medicine Clinic, \u201cSt. Spiridon\u201d County Emergency Clinical Hospital, 1 Independence Boulevard, 700111 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7361-4685","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandra Maria","family":"Burlui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"I Rheumatology Clinic, Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 14 Pantelimon Halipa Street, 700661 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4495-4004","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas Gabriel","family":"Schreiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Specialities III, \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"First Neurology Clinic, \u201cN. Oblu\u201d Clinical Emergency Hospital Iasi, 2 Ateneului Street, 700309 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8175-2583","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Rezus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"I Rheumatology Clinic, Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 14 Pantelimon Halipa Street, 700661 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Su, X., Yu, H., Lei, Q., Chen, X., Tong, Y., Zhang, Z., Yang, W., Guo, Y., and Lin, L. (2024). Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Pathogenesis and Targeted Therapy. Mol. Biomed., 5.","DOI":"10.1186\/s43556-024-00217-8"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-025-02168-0","article-title":"Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Updated Insights on the Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, Prevention and Therapeutics","volume":"10","author":"Dai","year":"2025","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. 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