{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T11:58:02Z","timestamp":1780401482595,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760918400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Youth Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["32002177"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32002177"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai","award":["24ZR1462300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24ZR1462300"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Previous studies have demonstrated that melatonin (MLT) enhances boar sperm motility by modulating energy metabolism status, yet the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. This study aims to investigate whether sirtuin 3 (SIRT3), a key mitochondrial deacetylase, mediates MLT\u2019s effects. Herein, the semen of six Landrace boars (16\u201318 months of age) was treated with 1.0 \u03bcM MLT with\/without the SIRT3 inhibitor 3-TYP, preserved at 17 \u00b0C for 3 days, and subsequently maintained at 37 \u00b0C for a duration of 10 min. We demonstrated that MLT upregulated SIRT3 protein expression and reduced the acetylation level in mitochondrial proteins. MLT significantly increased glucose uptake and suppressed lactate release in the sperm, while elevating levels of pyruvate and acetyl-CoA, the substrates of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, respectively, and the protein expression of PDH, indicating enhanced metabolic flux. Notably, inhibition of SIRT3 reversed MLT\u2019s effects: it blocked the increases in SIRT3 expression, glucose consumption, PDH expression, complex I activity, ATP content, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and prevented the decreases in the levels of acetylation and lactate, as well as pyruvate kinase (PK) activity, confirming the essential role of SIRT3. Functionally, the MLT-induced improvements in sperm motility parameters (total, progressive, fast motility, immotile) were also reversed by 3-TYP. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that the SIRT3-mediated pathway is essential for MLT to enhance boar sperm energy metabolism and antioxidant defense, thereby increasing ATP production and enhancing sperm motility. Targeting SIRT3 represents a promising therapeutic strategy for improving boar fertility and may also provide insights for research into human male infertility.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells14201633","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T12:27:29Z","timestamp":1760963249000},"page":"1633","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["SIRT3 Mediates Coordination Between Energy Metabolism and SOD Activity in Melatonin-Enhanced Boar Sperm Motility"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0849-1572","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naisheng","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Pig) Evaluation and Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hulong","family":"Lei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Pig) Evaluation and Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4333-3801","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xueyuan","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Pig) Evaluation and Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Pig) Evaluation and Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bushe","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Breeding Pig, Shanghai 201302, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Pig) Evaluation and Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1477","DOI":"10.1016\/S0093-691X(00)00290-9","article-title":"Evaluation on sperm quality of freshly ejaculated boar semen during in vitro storage under different temperatures","volume":"53","author":"Zou","year":"2000","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.05.029","article-title":"Increase of oxidative stress in human sperm with lower motility","volume":"89","author":"Kao","year":"2008","journal-title":"Fertil. 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