{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T15:58:29Z","timestamp":1789055909710,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":141,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761004800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012190","name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["075-15-2024-640"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["075-15-2024-640"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012190","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chronic wounds (CWs) represent a growing global health concern with profound clinical and socioeconomic implications. Studies indicate that approximately 15% of CWs remain unhealed one year after the initial treatment. At the same time, it is assumed that from 1% to 2% of the population of developed countries will suffer from chronic wounds during their lifetime. CWs severely impair patients\u2019 quality of life. Current therapies (compression bandages, antibiotics, hyperbaric oxygen, and skin grafts) face limitations, including toxicity, contraindications, inefficacy in patients with comorbidities like diabetes, and high cost. Biological nanoparticles (BNPs), particularly extracellular vesicles (EVs), emerge as transformative solutions due to their innate biocompatibility, targeted biodistribution, and multifunctional regenerative properties. This review examines the mechanisms by which BNPs promote CW healing and drug delivery. Innovative BNP delivery platforms (chitosan hydrogels, alginate films) are evaluated, enabling sustained release and responsiveness to the wound microenvironment. Clinical advances, including exosome-laden hydrogels that accelerate healing in diabetic ulcers, underscore BNPs\u2019 potential to overcome conventional therapy limitations. By addressing the challenges of both pathophysiological complexity and healthcare system burden, BNPs demonstrate the potential to improve patient outcomes in the management of chronic wounds.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells14201637","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T13:42:03Z","timestamp":1761054123000},"page":"1637","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Biological Nanoparticles for Enhancing Chronic Wound Regeneration"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Daniil","family":"Zotikov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Genetic Technologies, Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector-Borne Diseases, Sechenov University, Moscow 119435, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalia","family":"Ponomareva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Experimental Therapy of Infectious Diseases, Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector-Borne Diseases, Sechenov University, Moscow 119435, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4792-0739","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergey","family":"Brezgin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Genetic Technologies, Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector-Borne Diseases, Sechenov University, Moscow 119435, Russia"},{"name":"Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow 119991, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anastasiia","family":"Kostyusheva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Genetic Technologies, Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector-Borne Diseases, Sechenov University, Moscow 119435, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6980-0028","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anastasiya","family":"Frolova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Experimental Therapy of Infectious Diseases, Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector-Borne Diseases, Sechenov University, Moscow 119435, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6303-9293","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vladimir","family":"Chulanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Experimental Therapy of Infectious Diseases, Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector-Borne Diseases, Sechenov University, Moscow 119435, Russia"},{"name":"Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow 119991, Russia"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Sechenov University, Moscow 119435, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Lukashev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector-Borne Diseases, Sechenov University, Moscow 119991, Russia"},{"name":"Research Institute for Systems Biology and Medicine, Moscow 117246, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Timashev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Regenerative Medicine, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1851-7441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dmitry","family":"Kostyushev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Genetic Technologies, Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector-Borne Diseases, Sechenov University, Moscow 119435, Russia"},{"name":"Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow 119991, Russia"},{"name":"Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119192, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1089\/wound.2019.1091","article-title":"Development of a Model to Predict Healing of Chronic Wounds Within 12 Weeks","volume":"9","author":"Cho","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. 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