{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T15:02:58Z","timestamp":1780498978208,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761091200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01NS110915"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01NS110915"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ovarian hormones are essential regulators of vascular homeostasis, yet their deficiency\u2019s effects on the meningeal microvasculature remain incompletely understood. We used high-resolution imaging to assess the cranial dura mater (CDM) blood and lymphatic microvasculature in ovariectomized (OVX) and control (intact or sham-operated) mice, followed by morphometric analysis of microvessel architecture. Immunofluorescent staining and Western blotting were employed to evaluate markers of vascular remodeling and profibrotic signaling. Blood microvascular quantification revealed a significant reduction in total microvessel length two weeks post-OVX, primarily due to arteriolar, but not venular, shortening. At the same time, the lengths of individual segments of both arterioles and venules were also significantly decreased, indicating microvascular fragmentation. Despite these changes, total vessel surface area remained preserved, suggesting compensatory dilation, particularly in arterioles. OVX also increased overall vessel tortuosity, again selectively affecting arterioles. Region-specific analysis of lymphatic networks associated with the coronal suture (CS) showed significantly increased surface area of podoplanin-positive lymphatic vessels. Elevated \u03b1-smooth muscle actin (\u03b1-SMA) expression in vascular and stromal compartments in OVX animals, along with increased transforming growth factor beta (TGF-\u03b2) levels, indicated early profibrotic changes. These findings highlight the selective vulnerability of arterial and lymphatic microvascular structures to hormonal deficiency post-OVX and suggest an association between hormonal status, microvascular remodeling, and profibrotic alterations in the CDM.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells14211647","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T01:14:02Z","timestamp":1761182042000},"page":"1647","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Ovariectomy Induces Selective Alterations in Dura Mater Blood and Lymphatic Microvascular Network Architecture in Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Olga V.","family":"Glinskii","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA"},{"name":"Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA"},{"name":"Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans\u2019 Hospital, Columbia, MO 65201, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1754-0823","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Imad Eddine","family":"Toubal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leike","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sunilima","family":"Sinha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kannappan","family":"Palaniappan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vladislav V.","family":"Glinsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1007\/s11940-004-0004-9","article-title":"Estrogens and Stroke: Use of Oral Contraceptives and Postmenopausal Use of Estrogen: Current Recommendations","volume":"6","author":"Brass","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr. 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