{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T06:01:22Z","timestamp":1763618482858,"version":"3.45.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763337600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1U54GM128729-20"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1U54GM128729-20"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Receptor for Advanced Glycation End-Products (RAGE) is a cell surface receptor of the immunoglobulin-like receptor superfamily. RAGE is a pattern-recognition, multi-ligand receptor that binds glycated proteins, specific non-glycated proteins, and nucleic acids. RAGE ligands are typically part of the group of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) or alarmins. As such, RAGE is a receptor for molecular products of cellular stress, abnormal metabolism, and inflammation. Activation of RAGE by its ligands leads to pro-inflammatory signaling, often resulting in persistent RAGE activation in various disease states. Consequently, RAGE has been investigated as a potential drug target in the treatment of diabetic complications, vascular disease, Alzheimer\u2019s disease, and multiple types of cancer. An underexplored aspect of RAGE is its role in cell adhesion. Structural comparison of the extracellular domain of RAGE has revealed structural similarity to the activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM). The present study reveals the role and mechanism of RAGE in regulating cell adhesion. We investigated the role of individual RAGE domains in cell adhesion to extracellular matrix proteins and the changes in protein expression resulting from RAGE upregulation. Key findings include that RAGE displays substrate-specific adhesion to extracellular matrix proteins, that the intracellular domain of RAGE is required for modulating cell spreading, and that regulation of ITGA8 depends on the cytoplasmic domain of RAGE.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells14221805","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T15:38:09Z","timestamp":1763393889000},"page":"1805","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Receptor for Advanced Glycation End-Products (RAGE) Regulates Cell Adhesion Through Upregulation of ITGA8"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7782-0117","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Swetha","family":"Thiyagarajan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3707-9974","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Estelle","family":"Leclerc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefan W.","family":"Vetter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14998","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)42138-2","article-title":"Cloning and expression of a cell surface receptor for advanced glycosylation end products of proteins","volume":"267","author":"Neeper","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14987","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)42137-0","article-title":"Isolation and characterization of two binding proteins for advanced glycosylation end products from bovine lung which are present on the endothelial cell surface","volume":"267","author":"Schmidt","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2011.08.008","article-title":"RAGE: A single receptor fits multiple ligands","volume":"36","author":"Fritz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trends Biochem. Sci."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80801-6","article-title":"RAGE Mediates a Novel Proinflammatory Axis: A Central Cell Surface Receptor for S100\/Calgranulin Polypeptides","volume":"97","author":"Hofmann","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25752","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.270.43.25752","article-title":"The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is a cellular binding site for amphoterin. Mediation of neurite outgrowth and co-expression of rage and amphoterin in the developing nervous system","volume":"270","author":"Hori","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pep.2006.01.008","article-title":"Expression and purification of recombinant human receptor for advanced glycation endproducts in Escherichia coli","volume":"47","author":"Wilton","year":"2006","journal-title":"Protein Expr. Purif."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2012.02.001","article-title":"RAGE binds C1q and enhances C1q-mediated phagocytosis","volume":"274","author":"Ma","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15659","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202002136R","article-title":"The role of RAGE in host pathology and crosstalk between RAGE and TLR4 in innate immune signal transduction pathways","volume":"34","author":"Prantner","year":"2020","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1507","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20030800","article-title":"The Pattern Recognition Receptor (RAGE) Is a Counterreceptor for Leukocyte Integrins","volume":"198","author":"Chavakis","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.1016\/j.str.2010.05.017","article-title":"Structural Basis for Ligand Recognition and Activation of RAGE","volume":"18","author":"Koch","year":"2010","journal-title":"Structure"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-62703-230-8_15","article-title":"RAGE-mediated cell signaling","volume":"963","author":"Rouhiainen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1615","DOI":"10.2174\/1871527313666140806144831","article-title":"Receptor for AGEs (RAGE) as mediator of NF-kB pathway activation in neuroinflammation and oxidative stress","volume":"13","author":"Cuevas","year":"2014","journal-title":"CNS Neurol. Disord. Drug Targets"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2024.107282","article-title":"Activation and modulation of the AGEs-RAGE axis: Implications for inflammatory pathologies and therapeutic interventions\u2014A review","volume":"206","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2011.06320.x","article-title":"Receptor for AGE (RAGE): Signaling mechanisms in the pathogenesis of diabetes and its complications","volume":"1243","author":"Ramasamy","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890902806576","article-title":"Tempering the wrath of RAGE: An emerging therapeutic strategy against diabetic complications, neurodegeneration, and inflammation","volume":"41","author":"Yan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann. Med."},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"403460","article-title":"Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products and Its Involvement in Inflammatory Diseases","volume":"2013","author":"Chuah","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Inflamm."},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"1","article-title":"RAGE Signaling in Cell Adhesion and Inflammation","volume":"3","author":"Barbel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr. Pediatr. Rev."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-med-041316-085215","article-title":"Targeting RAGE Signaling in Inflammatory Disease","volume":"69","author":"Hudson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Med."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6957","DOI":"10.1021\/bi7003735","article-title":"The Extracellular Region of the Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products is Comprised of Two Independent Structural Units","volume":"46","author":"Dattilo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12299","DOI":"10.1021\/bi800910v","article-title":"Solution Structure of the Variable-Type Domain of the Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products: New Insight into AGE\u2212RAGE Interaction","volume":"47","author":"Matsumoto","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40762","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110.169276","article-title":"The 1.5 \u00c5 crystal structure of human receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) ectodomains reveals unique features determining ligand binding","volume":"285","author":"Park","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37525","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.223438","article-title":"Solution Structure of the Soluble Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products (sRAGE)","volume":"286","author":"Ikonen","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wei, W., Lampe, L., Park, S., Vangara, B.S., Waldo, G.S., Cabantous, S., Subaran, S.S., Yang, D., Lakatta, E.G., and Lin, L. (2012). Disulfide Bonds within the C2 Domain of RAGE Play Key Roles in Its Dimerization and Biogenesis. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0050736"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35507","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M806948200","article-title":"Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products Is Subjected to Protein Ectodomain Shedding by Metalloproteinases","volume":"283","author":"Zhang","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3716","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.08-109033","article-title":"A soluble form of the receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) is produced by proteolytic cleavage of the membrane-bound form by the sheddase a disintegrin and metalloprotease 10 (ADAM10)","volume":"22","author":"Raucci","year":"2008","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1572","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.07-9909com","article-title":"Identification, classification, and expression of RAGE gene splice variants","volume":"22","author":"Hudson","year":"2008","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-005-0069-0","article-title":"Promotion of cell adherence and spreading: A novel function of RAGE, the highly selective differentiation marker of human alveolar epithelial type I cells","volume":"323","author":"Demling","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Buckley, S.T., and Ehrhardt, C. (2010). The Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products (RAGE) and the Lung. J. Biomed. Biotechnol., 2010.","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/917108"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sessa, L., Gatti, E., Zeni, F., Antonelli, A., Catucci, A., Koch, M., Pompilio, G., Fritz, G., Raucci, A., and Bianchi, M.E. (2014). The Receptor for Advanced Glycation End-Products (RAGE) Is Only Present in Mammals, and Belongs to a Family of Cell Adhesion Molecules (CAMs). PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0086903"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-7012(99)00107-4","article-title":"A polymerase chain reaction based method for detecting Mycoplasma\/Acholeplasma contaminants in cell culture","volume":"39","author":"Tang","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Microbiol. Methods"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rahim, S., and \u00dcren, A. (2011). A Real-time Electrical Impedance Based Technique to Measure Invasion of Endothelial Cell Monolayer by Cancer Cells. JoVE, e2792.","DOI":"10.3791\/2792"},{"key":"ref_32","unstructured":"Rasband, W. (2018, October 27). Circularity. Available online: https:\/\/imagej.net\/ij\/docs\/menus\/analyze.html."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e45","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/29.9.e45","article-title":"A new mathematical model for relative quantification in real-time RT-PCR","volume":"29","author":"Pfaffl","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.1305","article-title":"High-efficiency labeling of sialylated glycoproteins on living cells","volume":"6","author":"Zeng","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jproteome.5b01066","article-title":"A Surface Biotinylation Strategy for Reproducible Plasma Membrane Protein Purification and Tracking of Genetic and Drug-Induced Alterations","volume":"15","author":"Stukalov","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Proteome Res."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.2108\/zsj.13.219","article-title":"Localization of Na+, K(+)-ATPase in tissues of rabbit and teleosts using an antiserum directed against a partial sequence of the alpha-subunit","volume":"13","author":"Ura","year":"1996","journal-title":"Zool. Sci."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Clausen, M.V., Hilbers, F., and Poulsen, H. (2017). The Structure and Function of the Na,K-ATPase Isoforms in Health and Disease. Front. Physiol., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2017.00371"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2008.02.163","article-title":"Calcium-regulated intramembrane proteolysis of the RAGE receptor","volume":"370","author":"Galichet","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0022-202X.2004.22218.x","article-title":"Regulation of human melanoma growth and metastasis by AGE-AGE receptor interactions","volume":"122","author":"Abe","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Akirav, E.M., Preston-Hurlburt, P., Garyu, J., Henegariu, O., Clynes, R., Schmidt, A.M., and Herold, K.C. (2012). RAGE expression in human T cells: A link between environmental factors and adaptive immune responses. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0034698"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Milutinovic, P.S., Englert, J.M., Crum, L.T., Mason, N.S., Ramsgaard, L., Enghild, J.J., Sparvero, L.J., Lotze, M.T., and Oury, T.D. (2014). Clearance kinetics and matrix binding partners of the receptor for advanced glycation end products. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0088259"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27255","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M801622200","article-title":"Structural basis for pattern recognition by the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE)","volume":"283","author":"Xie","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2043","DOI":"10.1016\/j.str.2016.09.011","article-title":"The Structure of the RAGE:S100A6 Complex Reveals a Unique Mode of Homodimerization for S100 Proteins","volume":"24","author":"Yatime","year":"2016","journal-title":"Structure"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Swami, P., Thiyagarajan, S., Vidger, A., Indurthi, V.S.K., Vetter, S.W., and Leclerc, E. (2020). RAGE Up-Regulation Differently Affects Cell Proliferation and Migration in Pancreatic Cancer Cells. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21207723"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Serban, A.I., Stanca, L., Geicu, O.I., Munteanu, M.C., and Dinischiotu, A. (2016). RAGE and TGF-\u03b21 Cross-Talk Regulate Extracellular Matrix Turnover and Cytokine Synthesis in AGEs Exposed Fibroblast Cells. PLoS ONE, 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0152376"},{"key":"ref_46","first-page":"379","article-title":"Modulation of RAGE expression influences the adhesion of red blood cells from diabetic patients","volume":"35","author":"Wautier","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin. Hemorheol. Microcirc."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-14-108","article-title":"Conditional over-expression of RAGE by embryonic alveolar epithelium compromises the respiratory membrane and impairs endothelial cell differentiation","volume":"14","author":"Winden","year":"2013","journal-title":"Respir. Res."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8242","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M509436200","article-title":"The amphoterin (HMGB1)\/receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) pair modulates myoblast proliferation, apoptosis, adhesiveness, migration, and invasiveness. Functional inactivation of RAGE in L6 myoblasts results in tumor formation in vivo","volume":"281","author":"Riuzzi","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23196","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.270.39.23196","article-title":"The human integrin alpha 8 beta 1 functions as a receptor for tenascin, fibronectin, and vitronectin","volume":"270","author":"Schnapp","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2375","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1991.tb07776.x","article-title":"Characterization of the integrin alpha 8 subunit: A new integrin beta 1-associated subunit, which is prominently expressed on axons and on cells in contact with basal laminae in chick embryos","volume":"10","author":"Bossy","year":"1991","journal-title":"Embo J."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.4161\/cam.3.1.7462","article-title":"The mouse F3\/contactin glycoprotein: Structural features, functional properties and developmental significance of its regulated expression","volume":"3","author":"Bizzoca","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell Adh. Migr."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/s40348-020-00105-5","article-title":"A role for the alpha-8 integrin chain (itga8) in glomerular homeostasis of the kidney","volume":"7","author":"Marek","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2013.12.017","article-title":"Integrin alpha 8 recessive mutations are responsible for bilateral renal agenesis in humans","volume":"94","author":"Humbert","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.4161\/cam.3.1.7764","article-title":"Contactins: Emerging key roles in the development and function of the nervous system","volume":"3","author":"Shimoda","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell Adh. Migr."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gu, Y., Li, T., Kapoor, A., Major, P., and Tang, D. (2020). Contactin 1: An Important and Emerging Oncogenic Protein Promoting Cancer Progression and Metastasis. Genes, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/genes11080874"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.14348\/molcells.2016.0210","article-title":"Highly Expressed Integrin-\u03b18 Induces Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition-Like Features in Multiple Myeloma with Early Relapse","volume":"39","author":"Ryu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Cells"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yan, J., Wong, N., Hung, C., Chen, W.X., and Tang, D. (2013). Contactin-1 reduces E-cadherin expression via activating AKT in lung cancer. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0065463"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liang, Y., Ma, C., Li, F., Nie, G., and Zhang, H. (2020). The Role of Contactin 1 in Cancers: What We Know So Far. Front. Oncol., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2020.574208"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-020-2432-1","article-title":"RAGE acts as an oncogenic role and promotes the metastasis of human lung cancer","volume":"11","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1007\/s10585-016-9801-2","article-title":"MCAM, as a novel receptor for S100A8\/A9, mediates progression of malignant melanoma through prominent activation of NF-\u03baB and ROS formation upon ligand binding","volume":"33","author":"Ruma","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Metastasis"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/1755-1536-4-21","article-title":"Plasma and cellular fibronectin: Distinct and independent functions during tissue repair","volume":"4","author":"To","year":"2011","journal-title":"Fibrogenesis Tissue Repair"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1007\/s12079-009-0077-z","article-title":"The role of thrombospondins in wound healing, ischemia, and the foreign body reaction","volume":"3","author":"Kyriakides","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Cell Commun. Signal."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.03.014","article-title":"On the Dependency of Cellular Protein Levels on mRNA Abundance","volume":"165","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.1012519","article-title":"RAGE regulation and signaling in inflammation and beyond","volume":"94","author":"Kierdorf","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1007\/s12033-010-9302-5","article-title":"Comparison of transfection efficiency of nonviral gene transfer reagents","volume":"46","author":"Yamano","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_66","first-page":"928","article-title":"Expression of receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and MMP-9 in human pancreatic cancer cells","volume":"51","author":"Takada","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hepatogastroenterology"}],"container-title":["Cells"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4409\/14\/22\/1805\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T05:24:31Z","timestamp":1763616271000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4409\/14\/22\/1805"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"22","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["cells14221805"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells14221805","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-4409"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2073-4409"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]]}}}