{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T23:47:27Z","timestamp":1790812047752,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":146,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]],"date-time":"2025-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763510400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Regional Ministry of Economic Transformation, Industry, Knowledge and Universities from Junta de Andalucia","award":["PID2024-155394OB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2024-155394OB-I00"]}]},{"name":"the Regional Ministry of Economic Transformation, Industry, Knowledge and Universities from Junta de Andalucia","award":["CB16\/12\/00275"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CB16\/12\/00275"]}]},{"name":"the Regional Ministry of Economic Transformation, Industry, Knowledge and Universities from Junta de Andalucia","award":["DGP_PIDI_2024_00907"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DGP_PIDI_2024_00907"]}]},{"name":"the ISCIII-Direcci\u00f3n General Adjunta de Evaluaci\u00f3n y Promoci\u00f3n de la Investigaci\u00f3n\u2014Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional \u201cA Way of Making Europe\u201d, Instituto de Salud Carlos III FEDER"},{"name":"the Instituto de Salud Carlos III","award":["PMP22\/00092"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PMP22\/00092"]}]},{"name":"NextGeneration European Union funds within the framework of the Resilience and Recovery Fund"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cancer remains a global health challenge (18.1 million new cases in 2020), with incidence projected to reach 28 million within two decades. Ovarian cancer (OC) is the deadliest gynecologic malignancy, usually diagnosed at advanced stages and with poorly understood etiology. Emerging evidence implicates reproductive tract and gut microbiota in OC biology. Microbiota shape carcinogenesis via turnover, immunity, and metabolism; dysbiosis promotes DNA damage, inflammation, and carcinogenic metabolites, engaging multiple hallmarks of cancer. In OC, microbes may reach tumors by local ascent, translocation, or hematogenous spread, originating from vagina, upper reproductive tract, peritoneal fluid, or gut. Lactobacillus-dominant vaginal communities support mucosal integrity, whereas anaerobes disrupt barriers, increase inflammation, and correlate with OC risk; mouse models show vaginal dysbiosis accelerates tumor progression. Distinct microbial profiles in upper reproductive sites and peritoneal fluid associated with immune remodeling. Gut dysbiosis drives barrier loss, immune imbalance, and estrogen reactivation. Microbial metabolites (lipopolysaccharides, short-chain fatty acids) modulate oncogenic pathways, altering epithelial\u2013mesenchymal transition, immune evasion, and drug resistance. Across cohorts, OC tissues and fluids show Pseudomonadota\/Bacteroidota enrichment and Akkermansia depletion; fecal microbiota from OC patients accelerates tumor growth in mice, whereas Akkermansia supplementation restores antitumor immunity. Antibiotic exposure and platinum resistance associate with reduced diversity and expansion of lactate-producing taxa. Microbiome-informed interventions\u2013diet, probiotics\/postbiotics, fecal microbiota transfer, and selective antibiotics\u2013may augment chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Overall, the microbiome is a modifiable determinant of OC risk, progression, and treatment response, warranting rigorous, standardized, multi-omics studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells14221813","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]],"date-time":"2025-11-19T08:50:07Z","timestamp":1763542207000},"page":"1813","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["The Role of Microbiota in Ovarian Cancer: Implications for Treatment Response and Therapeutic Strategies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4268-0150","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose-Ramon","family":"Blanco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Universitario San Pedro, 26006 Logro\u00f1o, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de La Rioja (CIBIR), 26006 Logro\u00f1o, Spain"},{"name":"Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n en Cuidados y Salud (GRUPAC), de la Universidad de La Rioja, 26006 Logro\u00f1o, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1147-7923","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosa","family":"del Campo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Facultad Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de La Rioja, La Rioja, 26006 Logro\u00f1o, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2774-1821","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Avenda\u00f1o-Ortiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Servicio de Microbiolog\u00eda, Hospital Universitario Ram\u00f3n y Cajal and Instituto Ram\u00f3n y Cajal de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0480-8563","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariano","family":"Laguna-Olmos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Universitario San Pedro, 26006 Logro\u00f1o, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4357-3979","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amancio","family":"Carnero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS)\/HUVR\/CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER de Cancer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2025, June 30). International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available online: https:\/\/gco.iarc.who.int\/en."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-024-00881-3","article-title":"Global epidemiology of epithelial ovarian cancer","volume":"21","author":"Webb","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2025.9495","article-title":"Ovarian Cancer: A Review","volume":"334","author":"Caruso","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)62038-9","article-title":"Global surveillance of cancer survival 1995\u20132009: Analysis of individual data for 25,676,887 patients from 279 population-based registries in 67 countries (CONCORD-2)","volume":"385","author":"Allemani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, J., Li, J., Yan, M., and Xiang, Z. (2024). Gut and oral microbiota in gynecological cancers: Interaction, mechanism, and therapeutic value. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes, 10.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41522-024-00577-7"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-023-00867-z","article-title":"Gut microbiota in overweight and obesity: Crosstalk with adipose tissue","volume":"21","author":"Cani","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2021-326789","article-title":"Gut microbiome and health: Mechanistic insights","volume":"71","author":"Tilg","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4517","article-title":"Current understanding of the human microbiome","volume":"24","author":"Gilbert","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2016.42","article-title":"Gut microbiota, metabolites and host immunity","volume":"16","author":"Rooks","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-022-00974-4","article-title":"Microbiota in health and diseases","volume":"7","author":"Hou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-024-01107-0","article-title":"Examining the healthy human microbiome concept","volume":"23","author":"Joos","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaa4972","article-title":"Cancer and the microbiota","volume":"348","author":"Garrett","year":"2015","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.7150\/jca.15480","article-title":"Gut Microbiota Imbalance and Base Excision Repair Dynamics in Colon Cancer","volume":"7","author":"Ray","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1266","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0b013e318281330a","article-title":"Altered gut microbiota promotes colitis-associated cancer in IL-1 receptor-associated kinase M-deficient mice","volume":"19","author":"Klimesova","year":"2013","journal-title":"Inflamm. Bowel Dis."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eabc4552","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abc4552","article-title":"The microbiome and human cancer","volume":"371","author":"Zitvogel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1136\/ijgc-2023-004894","article-title":"The microbiome and gynecologic cancer: Cellular mechanisms and clinical applications","volume":"34","author":"Chalif","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Gynecol. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1911","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2017.6388","article-title":"Microbial infection, inflammation and epithelial ovarian cancer","volume":"14","author":"Xie","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-21-1059","article-title":"Hallmarks of Cancer: New Dimensions","volume":"12","author":"Hanahan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancer Discov."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.1002\/cac2.12597","article-title":"Beyond the Gut: The intratumoral microbiome\u2019s influence on tumorigenesis and treatment response","volume":"44","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer Commun."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2130","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrestox.0c00142","article-title":"Effects of Gut Microbiome on Carcinogenic DNA Damage","volume":"33","author":"Hsiao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem. Res. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1007\/s12033-024-01055-3","article-title":"Lipopolysaccharide-Educated Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Facilitate Malignant Progression of Ovarian Cancer Cells via the NF-kB\/IL-6\/JAK2 Signal Transduction","volume":"67","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.11.041","article-title":"Cancer and the Microbiome-Influence of the Commensal Microbiota on Cancer, Immune Responses, and Immunotherapy","volume":"160","author":"Matson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4353","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2009.289","article-title":"TLR4 signaling induced by lipopolysaccharide or paclitaxel regulates tumor survival and chemoresistance in ovarian cancer","volume":"28","author":"Szajnik","year":"2009","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3167","DOI":"10.3892\/or.2017.5941","article-title":"TLR5\/7-mediated PI3K activation triggers epithelial-mesenchymal transition of ovarian cancer cells through WAVE3-dependent mesothelin or OCT4\/SOX2 expression","volume":"38","author":"Park","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3137","DOI":"10.3892\/or.2017.5533","article-title":"Induction of galectin-1 by TLR-dependent PI3K activation enhances epithelial-mesenchymal transition of metastatic ovarian cancer cells","volume":"37","author":"Park","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin, H., Zeng, Z., Zhang, H., Jia, Y., Pang, J., Chen, J., and Zhang, H. (2025). Gut-Vaginal Microbiome Crosstalk in Ovarian Cancer: Implications for Early Diagnosis. Pathogens, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens14070635"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2011.10.003","article-title":"Microbiome and malignancy","volume":"10","author":"Plottel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2017.06.025","article-title":"Estrogen-gut microbiome axis: Physiological and clinical implications","volume":"103","author":"Baker","year":"2017","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1693","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.13701","article-title":"Case for a role of the microbiome in gynecologic cancers: Clinician\u2019s perspective","volume":"44","author":"Mert","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Res."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1835","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61687-1","article-title":"Menopausal hormone use and ovarian cancer risk: Individual participant meta-analysis of 52 epidemiological studies","volume":"385","author":"Beral","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.5056\/jnm20208","article-title":"Roles of Sex Hormones and Gender in the Gut Microbiota","volume":"27","author":"Yoon","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Neurogastroenterol. Motil."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5876-10-253","article-title":"Fecal microbial determinants of fecal and systemic estrogens and estrogen metabolites: A cross-sectional study","volume":"10","author":"Flores","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"1201","article-title":"Circulating estrogens and postmenopausal ovarian and endometrial cancer risk among current hormone users in the Women\u2019s Health Initiative Observational Study","volume":"30","author":"Trabert","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leao, L., Esmail, G.A., Miri, S., Mottawea, W., and Hammami, R. (2025). In vitro modeling of the female gut microbiome: Effects of sex hormones and psychotropic drugs. Microbiol. Spectr.","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.02350-25"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/s10020-021-00295-2","article-title":"The role of the microbiome in ovarian cancer: Mechanistic insights into oncobiosis and to bacterial metabolite signaling","volume":"27","author":"Sipos","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15347354221114100","DOI":"10.1177\/15347354221114100","article-title":"Research on Gut Microbiota-Derived Secondary Bile Acids in Cancer Progression","volume":"21","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Integr. Cancer Ther."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kovacs, T., Miko, E., Vida, A., Sebo, E., Toth, J., Csonka, T., Boratko, A., Ujlaki, G., Lente, G., and Kovacs, P. (2019). Cadaverine, a metabolite of the microbiome, reduces breast cancer aggressiveness through trace amino acid receptors. Sci. Rep., 9.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-37664-7"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2011.374","article-title":"Estimated enterolignans, lignan-rich foods, and fibre in relation to survival after postmenopausal breast cancer","volume":"105","author":"Buck","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, N., and Yang, C. (2024). Butyrate as a Potential Modulator in Gynecological Disease Progression. Nutrients, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16234196"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-025-01287-w","article-title":"The gut microbiome and cancer: From tumorigenesis to therapy","volume":"7","author":"Nobels","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Metab."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kuwahara, A. (2014). Contributions of colonic short-chain Fatty Acid receptors in energy homeostasis. Front. Endocrinol., 5.","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2014.00144"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aau5812","article-title":"The gut microbiota at the intersection of diet and human health","volume":"362","author":"Gentile","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_43","first-page":"326","article-title":"The role of the microbiome in cancer development and therapy","volume":"67","author":"Bhatt","year":"2017","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. Clin."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869647","DOI":"10.5402\/2011\/869647","article-title":"Histone deacetylase inhibition and dietary short-chain Fatty acids","volume":"2011","author":"Licciardi","year":"2011","journal-title":"ISRN Allergy"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2485S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/133.7.2485S","article-title":"Inhibition of histone deacetylase activity by butyrate","volume":"133","author":"Davie","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-007-0423-4","article-title":"Telomerase expression and cell proliferation in ovarian cancer cells induced by histone deacetylase inhibitors","volume":"277","author":"Zhu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch. Gynecol. Obstet."},{"key":"ref_47","first-page":"402","article-title":"Anti-tumor activity of histone deacetylase inhibitors and the effect on ATP-binding cassette in ovarian carcinoma cells","volume":"31","author":"Chao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. J. Gynaecol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, Z., Pfeiffer, R.M., Byrd, D.A., Wan, Y., Ansong, D., Clegg-Lamptey, J.N., Wiafe-Addai, B., Edusei, L., Adjei, E., and Titiloye, N. (2023). Associations of Circulating Estrogens and Estrogen Metabolites with Fecal and Oral Microbiome in Postmenopausal Women in the Ghana Breast Health Study. Microbiol. Spectr., 11.","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.01572-23"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2200470","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202200470","article-title":"Microbiota in Tumors: From Understanding to Application","volume":"9","author":"Xie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.11.1089","article-title":"Ecological dynamics of the vaginal microbiome in relation to health and disease","volume":"220","author":"Greenbaum","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1113\/JP271694","article-title":"The vaginal microbiota, host defence and reproductive physiology","volume":"595","author":"Smith","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiz342","article-title":"An Updated Conceptual Model on the Pathogenesis of Bacterial Vaginosis","volume":"220","author":"Muzny","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2020.02.002","article-title":"Association between pelvic inflammatory disease and risk of ovarian cancer: An updated meta-analysis","volume":"157","author":"Piao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gynecol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.13935","article-title":"Pelvic inflammatory disease is associated with ovarian cancer development in women with endometriosis: A cohort study in Taiwan","volume":"158","author":"Lo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Gynaecol. Obstet."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(19)30340-7","article-title":"Association between the cervicovaginal microbiome, BRCA1 mutation status, and risk of ovarian cancer: A case-control study","volume":"20","author":"Nene","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2018.06.036","article-title":"Cervicovaginal microbiota, women\u2019s health, and reproductive outcomes","volume":"110","author":"Kroon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1999","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-15856-y","article-title":"The vaginal microbiota associates with the regression of untreated cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2 lesions","volume":"11","author":"Mitra","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146083","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2021.146083","article-title":"Altered cervicovaginal microbiota in premenopausal ovarian cancer patients","volume":"811","author":"Morikawa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3097","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-012-1671-1","article-title":"Effectiveness of vaginal tablets containing lactobacilli versus pH tablets on vaginal health and inflammatory cytokines: A randomized, double-blind study","volume":"31","author":"Hemalatha","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1007\/s12282-020-01148-2","article-title":"Hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC): Review of its molecular characteristics, screening, treatment, and prognosis","volume":"28","author":"Yoshida","year":"2021","journal-title":"Breast Cancer"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2016-0444","article-title":"Risk-Reducing Strategies for Ovarian Cancer in BRCA Mutation Carriers: A Balancing Act","volume":"22","author":"Tschernichovsky","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Restaino, S., Pellecchia, G., Arcieri, M., Pericolini, E., Bogani, G., Poli, A., Paparcura, F., Pregnolato, S., Armenise, D., and Frossi, B. (2025). The Relationship Between the Vaginal Microbiota and the Ovarian Cancer Microenvironment: A Journey from Ideas to Insights. Cells, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells14201590"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(13)70253-5","article-title":"Hormone-receptor expression and ovarian cancer survival: An Ovarian Tumor Tissue Analysis consortium study","volume":"14","author":"Sieh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4067","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-07-4959","article-title":"Gene expression profiles of luteal phase fallopian tube epithelium from BRCA mutation carriers resemble high-grade serous carcinoma","volume":"14","author":"Tone","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.3109\/09513590.2010.538100","article-title":"Progesterone inhibits growth and induces apoptosis in cancer cells through modulation of reactive oxygen species","volume":"27","author":"Nguyen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gynecol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kumar, L., Dwivedi, M., Jain, N., Shete, P., Solanki, S., Gupta, R., and Jain, A. (2023). The Female Reproductive Tract Microbiota: Friends and Foe. Life, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/life13061313"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101017","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gore.2022.101017","article-title":"An evaluation of the microbiota of the upper reproductive tract of women with and without epithelial ovarian cancer","volume":"42","author":"Brewster","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gynecol. Oncol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miao, R., Badger, T.C., Groesch, K., Diaz-Sylvester, P.L., Wilson, T., Ghareeb, A., Martin, J.A., Cregger, M., Welge, M., and Bushell, C. (2020). Assessment of peritoneal microbial features and tumor marker levels as potential diagnostic tools for ovarian cancer. PLoS ONE, 15.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0227707"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou, B., Sun, C., Huang, J., Xia, M., Guo, E., Li, N., Lu, H., Shan, W., Wu, Y., and Li, Y. (2019). The biodiversity Composition of Microbiome in Ovarian Carcinoma Patients. Sci. Rep., 9.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-38031-2"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaaz9646","DOI":"10.1126\/scisignal.aaz9646","article-title":"Constitutive expression of progesterone receptor isoforms promotes the development of hormone-dependent ovarian neoplasms","volume":"13","author":"Wetendorf","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Signal"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zakarya, R., Howell, V.M., and Colvin, E.K. (2020). Modelling Epithelial Ovarian Cancer in Mice: Classical and Emerging Approaches. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21134806"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/s13048-019-0603-4","article-title":"The differential distribution of bacteria between cancerous and noncancerous ovarian tissues in situ","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Ovarian Res."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Choi, S.Y., and Choi, J.H. (2024). Ovarian Cancer and the Microbiome: Connecting the Dots for Early Diagnosis and Therapeutic Innovations\u2014A Review. Medicina, 60.","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina60030516"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1210\/endrev\/bnad018","article-title":"Reevaluating the Role of Progesterone in Ovarian Cancer: Is Progesterone Always Protective?","volume":"44","author":"Mauro","year":"2023","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1264\/jsme2.ME17017","article-title":"Microbial Ecology along the Gastrointestinal Tract","volume":"32","author":"Hillman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Microbes Environ."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1111\/lam.13333","article-title":"Gut-organ axis: A microbial outreach and networking","volume":"72","author":"Ahlawat","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lett. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D\u2019Antonio, D.L., Marchetti, S., Pignatelli, P., Piattelli, A., and Curia, M.C. (2022). The Oncobiome in Gastroenteric and Genitourinary Cancers. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23179664"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Asangba, A.E., Chen, J., Goergen, K.M., Larson, M.C., Oberg, A.L., Casarin, J., Multinu, F., Kaufmann, S.H., Mariani, A., and Chia, N. (2023). Diagnostic and prognostic potential of the microbiome in ovarian cancer treatment response. Sci. Rep., 13.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-27555-x"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.32449","article-title":"Gut microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids regulate group 3 innate lymphoid cells in HCC","volume":"77","author":"Hu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ftz019","DOI":"10.1093\/femspd\/ftz019","article-title":"Intestinal dysbiosis promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition by activating tumor-associated macrophages in ovarian cancer","volume":"77","author":"Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pathog. Dis."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mahoney, D.E., Chalise, P., Rahman, F., and Pierce, J.D. (2022). Influences of Gastrointestinal Microbiota Dysbiosis on Serum Proinflammatory Markers in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Development and Progression. Cancers, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14123022"},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e28898","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.28898","article-title":"Association between vaginal microbiota and the progression of ovarian cancer","volume":"95","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2221093","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2023.2221093","article-title":"Gut microbiota dysbiosis promotes the development of epithelial ovarian cancer via regulating Hedgehog signaling pathway","volume":"15","author":"Hu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111890","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.111890","article-title":"Akkermansia supplementation reverses the tumor-promoting effect of the fecal microbiota transplantation in ovarian cancer","volume":"41","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4472509","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/4472509","article-title":"Anticancer Effect of Puerarin on Ovarian Cancer Progression Contributes to the Tumor Suppressor Gene Expression and Gut Microbiota Modulation","volume":"2022","author":"Ye","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Res."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D\u2019Amico, F., Perrone, A.M., Rampelli, S., Coluccelli, S., Barone, M., Ravegnini, G., Fabbrini, M., Brigidi, P., De Iaco, P., and Turroni, S. (2021). Gut Microbiota Dynamics during Chemotherapy in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Patients Are Related to Therapeutic Outcome. Cancers, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13163999"},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lu, Y., Fan, C., Li, P., Lu, Y., Chang, X., and Qi, K. (2016). Short Chain Fatty Acids Prevent High-fat-diet-induced Obesity in Mice by Regulating G Protein-coupled Receptors and Gut Microbiota. Sci. Rep., 6.","DOI":"10.1038\/srep37589"},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5982","DOI":"10.1021\/jf900470c","article-title":"Acetic acid upregulates the expression of genes for fatty acid oxidation enzymes in liver to suppress body fat accumulation","volume":"57","author":"Kondo","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oki, K., Toyama, M., Banno, T., Chonan, O., Benno, Y., and Watanabe, K. (2016). Comprehensive analysis of the fecal microbiota of healthy Japanese adults reveals a new bacterial lineage associated with a phenotype characterized by a high frequency of bowel movements and a lean body type. BMC Microbiol., 16.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-016-0898-x"},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, C., Gu, Y., He, Q., Huang, J., Song, Y., Wan, X., and Li, Y. (2021). Integrated Analysis of Microbiome and Transcriptome Data Reveals the Interplay Between Commensal Bacteria and Fibrin Degradation in Endometrial Cancer. Front. Cell Infect. Microbiol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.748558"},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, M., He, G., Kong, F., Wang, P., Han, C., Ding, Q., Jiang, H., and Deng, S. (2024). Unraveling the role of tissue colonized microbiome in ovarian cancer progression. Comput. Biol. Med., 177.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2024.108641"},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1186\/s13048-025-01630-5","article-title":"Causal relationships of gut microbiota and blood metabolites with ovarian cancer and endometrial cancer: A Mendelian randomization study","volume":"18","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Ovarian Res."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/s13048-025-01610-9","article-title":"Exploring the causal associations of the gut microbiota and plasma metabolites with ovarian cancer: An approach of mendelian randomization analysis combined with network pharmacology and molecular docking","volume":"18","author":"Guo","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Ovarian Res."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e37628","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000037628","article-title":"Associations between gut microbiota and gynecological cancers: A bi-directional two-sample Mendelian randomization study","volume":"103","author":"Kong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e40479","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000040479","article-title":"Association between gut microbiota, plasma metabolites, and ovarian cancer: A Mendelian randomization study","volume":"103","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gong, W., Jin, G., Bao, Y., Liu, Q., Ni, M., Wang, J., Mao, S., Zhang, Y., and Zheng, Z. (2025). Characteristics and potential diagnostic value of gut microbiota in ovarian tumor patients. Sci. Rep., 15.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-99912-x"},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xiao, Q., Chen, W.J., Wu, F., Zhang, X.Y., Li, X., Wei, J., Chen, T.T., and Liu, Z.X. (2024). Individuality and generality of intratumoral microbiome in the three most prevalent gynecological malignancies: An observational study. Microbiol. Spectr., 12.","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.01004-24"},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang, Q., Wei, X., Li, W., Ma, Y., Chen, G., Zhao, L., Jiang, Y., Xie, S., Chen, Q., and Chen, T. (2022). Endogenous Propionibacterium acnes Promotes Ovarian Cancer Progression via Regulating Hedgehog Signalling Pathway. Cancers, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14215178"},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wen, Q., Wang, S., Fu, S., Zhou, X., Min, Y., Lang, J., and Chen, M. (2025). Intratumoral microbiota composition in women\u2019s cancers: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front. Oncol., 15.","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2025.1544786"},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8434","DOI":"10.3390\/curroncol30090614","article-title":"The Impact of Oral Antibiotics Prior to Cancer Diagnosis on Overall Patient Survival: Findings from an English Population-Based Cohort Study","volume":"30","author":"Domzaridou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2020.09.010","article-title":"Impact of antibiotic treatment during platinum chemotherapy on survival and recurrence in women with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer","volume":"159","author":"Chambers","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gynecol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhan, X., Zuo, Q., Huang, G., Qi, Z., Wang, Y., Zhu, S., Zhong, Y., Xiong, Y., Chen, T., and Tan, B. (2023). Tripterygium glycosides sensitizes cisplatin chemotherapeutic potency by modulating gut microbiota in epithelial ovarian cancer. Front. Cell Infect. Microbiol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1236272"},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4654","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-22-0455","article-title":"Disruption of the Gut Microbiota Confers Cisplatin Resistance in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer","volume":"82","author":"Chambers","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8125","DOI":"10.2147\/CMAR.S265205","article-title":"Changes of Intestinal Microbiota in Ovarian Cancer Patients Treated with Surgery and Chemotherapy","volume":"12","author":"Tong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Manag. Res."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1240527","article-title":"Commensal bacteria control cancer response to therapy by modulating the tumor microenvironment","volume":"342","author":"Iida","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2017.20","article-title":"Gut microbiota modulation of chemotherapy efficacy and toxicity","volume":"14","author":"Alexander","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1240537","article-title":"The intestinal microbiota modulates the anticancer immune effects of cyclophosphamide","volume":"342","author":"Viaud","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e11574","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.11574","article-title":"Shifts in gut and vaginal microbiomes are associated with cancer recurrence time in women with ovarian cancer","volume":"9","author":"Jacobson","year":"2021","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10609","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-54565-8","article-title":"Integrative multi-omics analysis uncovers tumor-immune-gut axis influencing immunotherapy outcomes in ovarian cancer","volume":"15","author":"Rosario","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aan3706","article-title":"Gut microbiome influences efficacy of PD-1-based immunotherapy against epithelial tumors","volume":"359","author":"Routy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aac4255","article-title":"Commensal Bifidobacterium promotes antitumor immunity and facilitates anti-PD-L1 efficacy","volume":"350","author":"Sivan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdy103","article-title":"Negative association of antibiotics on clinical activity of immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with advanced renal cell and non-small-cell lung cancer","volume":"29","author":"Derosa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aao3290","article-title":"The commensal microbiome is associated with anti-PD-1 efficacy in metastatic melanoma patients","volume":"359","author":"Matson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aan4236","article-title":"Gut microbiome modulates response to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in melanoma patients","volume":"359","author":"Gopalakrishnan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-0878-z","article-title":"A defined commensal consortium elicits CD8 T cells and anti-cancer immunity","volume":"565","author":"Tanoue","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e38","DOI":"10.3802\/jgo.2025.36.e38","article-title":"Gut microbiome associated with PARP inhibitor efficacy in patients with ovarian cancer","volume":"36","author":"Sakai","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Gynecol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Islam, M.S., Fan, J., and Pan, F. (2023). The power of phages: Revolutionizing cancer treatment. Front. Oncol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2023.1290296"},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2016.03.003","article-title":"Bacteriophages and phage-inspired nanocarriers for targeted delivery of therapeutic cargos","volume":"106","author":"Karimi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hess, K.L., and Jewell, C.M. (2020). Phage display as a tool for vaccine and immunotherapy development. Bioeng. Transl. Med., 5.","DOI":"10.1002\/btm2.10142"},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3315","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-58407-z","article-title":"Lactobacillus acidophilus potentiates oncolytic virotherapy through modulating gut microbiota homeostasis in hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1007\/s13238-018-0547-2","article-title":"Pharmacomicrobiomics: A novel route towards personalized medicine?","volume":"9","author":"Doestzada","year":"2018","journal-title":"Protein Cell"},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cai, W., Liu, Z.-q., Miao, L.-L., and Xiang, X. (2020). Pharmacogenomics in Precision Medicine: From a Perspective of Ethnic Differences. Pharmacogenomics in Precision Medicine, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-15-3895-7"},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Le Ngoc, K., Pham, T.T.H., Nguyen, T.K., and Huong, P.T. (2024). Pharmacomicrobiomics in precision cancer therapy: Bench to bedside. Front. Immunol., 15.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1428420"},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2014.66","article-title":"Expert consensus document. The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics consensus statement on the scope and appropriate use of the term probiotic","volume":"11","author":"Hill","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2017.75","article-title":"Expert consensus document: The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) consensus statement on the definition and scope of prebiotics","volume":"14","author":"Gibson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3165","DOI":"10.1007\/s12094-023-03184-8","article-title":"Radioprotective potential of probiotics against gastrointestinal and neuronal toxicity: A preclinical study","volume":"25","author":"Venkidesh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Transl. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-021-00440-6","article-title":"The International Scientific Association of Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) consensus statement on the definition and scope of postbiotics","volume":"18","author":"Salminen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xie, W., Zhong, Y.S., Li, X.J., Kang, Y.K., Peng, Q.Y., and Ying, H.Z. (2024). Postbiotics in colorectal cancer: Intervention mechanisms and perspectives. Front. Microbiol., 15.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1360225"},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gurunathan, S., Thangaraj, P., and Kim, J.H. (2023). Postbiotics: Functional Food Materials and Therapeutic Agents for Cancer, Diabetes, and Inflammatory Diseases. Foods, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods13010089"},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a1344","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.a1344","article-title":"Adherence to Mediterranean diet and health status: Meta-analysis","volume":"337","author":"Sofi","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djae040","article-title":"Association between diet quality and ovarian cancer risk and survival","volume":"116","author":"Cao","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Natl. Cancer Inst."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-024-05653-2","article-title":"Association between pre-diagnosis and post-diagnosis Alternate Mediterranean Diet and ovarian cancer survival: Evidence from a prospective cohort study","volume":"22","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Udumula, M.P., Singh, H., Faraz, R., Poisson, L., Tiwari, N., Dimitrova, I., Hijaz, M., Gogoi, R., Swenor, M., and Munkarah, A. (2023). Intermittent Fasting induced ketogenesis inhibits mouse epithelial ovarian tumors by promoting anti-tumor T cell response. bioRxiv.","DOI":"10.1101\/2023.03.08.531740"},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1002\/JLB.5HI1117-446RR","article-title":"Frontline Science: Microbiota reconstitution restores intestinal integrity after cisplatin therapy","volume":"103","author":"Payne","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1500","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-019-0600-6","article-title":"Vaginal microbiome transplantation in women with intractable bacterial vaginosis","volume":"25","author":"Cohen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1906","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1915254","article-title":"Randomized Trial of Lactin-V to Prevent Recurrence of Bacterial Vaginosis","volume":"382","author":"Cohen","year":"2020","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1007\/s00280-018-3691-8","article-title":"Lactobacillus supplementation prevents cisplatin-induced cardiotoxicity possibly by inflammation inhibition","volume":"82","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2021.01.015","article-title":"Impact of antibiotic treatment on immunotherapy response in women with recurrent gynecologic cancer","volume":"161","author":"Chambers","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gynecol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10393","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.5772","article-title":"Gut microbiota and risk of five common cancers: A univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization study","volume":"12","author":"Wei","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Med."},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-025-03608-8","article-title":"Impact of the ONCOBIOME network in cancer microbiome research","volume":"31","author":"Zitvogel","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1007\/s13167-022-00286-1","article-title":"Metagenomic analysis of the microbiome of the upper reproductive tract: Combating ovarian cancer through predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine","volume":"13","author":"Qin","year":"2022","journal-title":"EPMA J."},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/s13027-019-0223-z","article-title":"The prevalence of EBV and CMV DNA in epithelial ovarian cancer","volume":"14","author":"Ingerslev","year":"2019","journal-title":"Infect. Agent. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paradowska, E., Jablonska, A., Studzinska, M., Wilczynski, M., and Wilczynski, J.R. (2019). Detection and genotyping of CMV and HPV in tumors and fallopian tubes from epithelial ovarian cancer patients. Sci. Rep., 9.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-56448-1"},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2311","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-012-1570-5","article-title":"Viral and bacterial aetiologies of epithelial ovarian cancer","volume":"31","author":"Shanmughapriya","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36225","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.16717","article-title":"The ovarian cancer oncobiome","volume":"8","author":"Banerjee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2014.11.009","article-title":"Microbially driven TLR5-dependent signaling governs distal malignant progression through tumor-promoting inflammation","volume":"27","author":"Rutkowski","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"}],"container-title":["Cells"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4409\/14\/22\/1813\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T10:03:30Z","timestamp":1763633010000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4409\/14\/22\/1813"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]]},"references-count":146,"journal-issue":{"issue":"22","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["cells14221813"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells14221813","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]]}}}