{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T05:54:18Z","timestamp":1764050058787,"version":"3.45.0"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,23]],"date-time":"2025-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763856000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Statutory Fund of the School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury","award":["61.610.008-110"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61.610.008-110"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>One of most important parts of the female genital tract is the uterine cervix, both from the anatomical as well as physiological points of view. As there is currently a lack of detailed information on the presence, distribution pattern(s), and the chemical coding of phoenixin (PNX)-containing dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons supplying the porcine uterine cervix, this study, using combined retrograde tracing and double-immunofluorescence techniques, was aimed at analyzing (i) the distribution pattern of uterine cervix-supplying sensory neurons (UC-SNs) at the particular spinal cord levels, (ii) their intraganglionic distribution, and (iii) the patterns of PNX co-expression with other biologically active substances. UC-SNs were identified by the presence of deposits of Fast Blue (FB), in DRG of thoracic (Th10\u2013Th15), lumbar (L1\u2013L5) and sacral (S2\u2013S4) spinal cord segments. FB+\/PNX+ neurons constitute approximately 33% of all UC-SNs, 73% at the L, and 27% at the S neuromeres. These neurons were mainly small sized (52%), with a slightly smaller population of medium-sized cells (40%), while large-diameter cells made up the least numerous population (8%). The vast majority of FB+\/PNX+ neurons simultaneously contained calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP; 80.9%) or substance P (SP; 77.9%); one-third of them showed immunoreactivity toward neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS; 34%), while PNX+ UC-SNs containing pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), galanin (GAL), calretinin (CRT), or somatostatin (SOM) formed significantly smaller populations (21.4%, 7.4%, 3.1%, and 0.7%, respectively). The results of the present study demonstrate the presence of PNX in DRG UC-SNs, and its co-occurrence with numerous neurotransmitters suggesting a putative role for this neuropeptide in the transmission of various types of sensory information and possible effects on the functioning of this organ in the body.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells14231847","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]],"date-time":"2025-11-24T10:24:17Z","timestamp":1763979857000},"page":"1847","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Distribution and Neurochemical Characterization of Dorsal Root Ganglia (DRG) Neurons Containing Phoenixin (PNX) and Supplying the Porcine Uterine Cervix"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Urszula","family":"Mazur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Warszawska 30, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paulina","family":"Ku\u015bmierek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Warszawska 30, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Janikiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Warszawska 30, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5818-7689","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariusz Krzysztof","family":"Majewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Warszawska 30, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5446-0171","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Bossowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Warszawska 30, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2013.07.057","article-title":"Phoenixin: A Novel Peptide in Rodent Sensory Ganglia","volume":"250","author":"Lyu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2826.2012.02381.x","article-title":"A Novel Reproductive Peptide, Phoenixin","volume":"25","author":"Yosten","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. 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