{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T19:09:33Z","timestamp":1792696173105,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":114,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764633600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Thermoregulatory dysfunction\u2014temperature intolerance and\/or inappropriate compensation\u2014is an underrecognized feature of Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD) and is linked to poor quality of life. Multiple mechanisms may underlie this dysfunction, including \u03b1-synuclein deposition in relevant structures, altered functional connectivity in thermoregulatory networks, and disrupted neurotransmitter modulation, on top of the deleterious consequences of aging. Although multiple advanced tests can confirm this dysfunction, diagnosis is largely based on a detailed history. Once this critical symptom is identified, management focuses on crisis prevention and safety, as PD-specific clinical trials are often lacking. This narrative review of the literature addresses mechanisms, clinical expression, diagnostic evaluation, and management of thermoregulatory dysfunction in PD to help guide care for this underappreciated, yet potentially debilitating, non-motor symptom of PD. Future PD-specific trials are needed to further clarify underlying mechanisms and improve treatment options.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells14231910","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T12:39:43Z","timestamp":1764679183000},"page":"1910","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Thermoregulatory Dysfunction in Parkinson\u2019s Disease: Mechanisms, Implications, and Therapeutic Perspectives"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Zechariah S.","family":"Pressnell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Undergraduate Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1866-0344","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lee E.","family":"Neilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology and Research Service, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR 97239, USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, OP-32 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR 97239, USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Domenico","family":"Tupone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9517-7295","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ronald F.","family":"Pfeiffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, OP-32 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR 97239, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2625-2049","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Delaram","family":"Safarpour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology and Research Service, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR 97239, USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, OP-32 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR 97239, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Parkinson, J. 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