{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T23:18:53Z","timestamp":1780442333717,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764633600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Dilated cardiomyopathy is a major cause of heart failure and is one of the most common forms of cardiomyopathy worldwide. Although there has been significant progress in its clinical management, early diagnosis and precise prognosis remain challenging due to the lack of specificity in current biomarkers. As inflammation plays a key role in DCM, we determined the levels of systemic inflammatory markers and specific pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs) in a cohort of DCM patients. Our data show that the levels of lipoxin A4 significantly increased in DCM patients (343 + 75.1 pg\/mL in controls vs. 482.2 \u00b1 159.1 pg\/mL in DCM patients), whereas the opposite was observed for resolving D1 (57.18 \u00b1 32.68 pg\/mL in controls vs. 38.55 \u00b1 25.13 pg\/mL in DCM patients). These results may indicate that SPMs could be considered new biomarkers related to the progression of this pathology. Moreover, since microRNAs (miRNAs) are also considered potential biomarkers at the molecular level, we conducted comprehensive miRNA expression profiling using a high-throughput array platform in our cohort. Of the differentially expressed miRNAs identified, we chose to focus on two that were significantly upregulated (miR378-3p and miR486-5p; more than two-folds) or downregulated (miR142-3p and miR328-3p &lt; 20% and 40% vs. the control, respectively) in DCM patients, all of them strongly associated with inflammatory pathways. The selected miRNAs showed considerable potential as biomarkers, exhibiting statistical significance after ROC analysis. In fact, improved performance was observed when combining both miR142-3p and miR328-3p, using a LASSO regression model. However, we found no correlation between miRNAs and traditional inflammatory markers or SPMs ruling out the possibility to proposing them as combined biomarkers in this case. The heterogeneity of DCM leads to the need to identify new biomarkers that, either individually or in combination, may improve the prognosis of affected individuals. In our study, we have identified that some of the main SPMs can provide valuable information about disease progression, in addition to the combination of certain circulating miRNAs, which show promising prognostic values in our cohort. Thus, we have identified novel biomarkers that integrate inflammatory profiles with specific circulating miRNA expression patterns is an important step towards more targeted patient stratification in DCM. This approach can improve DCM diagnosis and prognosis, supporting the development of personalized treatments through a multi-parameter panel of biomarkers that can be measured in peripheral blood and used in routine clinical practice. Such a strategy can enable earlier treatment, resulting in better patient outcomes and quality of life.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells14231916","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T15:03:13Z","timestamp":1764687793000},"page":"1916","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["New Biomarkers in the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Dilated Cardiomyopathy: Pro-Resolving Lipids and miRNAs"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Rafael I.","family":"Ja\u00e9n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Metabolism and Cell Signaling, Biomedical Research Institute \u201cSols-Morreale\u201d CSIC-UAM, 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3332-7603","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergio","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Metabolism and Cell Signaling, Biomedical Research Institute \u201cSols-Morreale\u201d CSIC-UAM, 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3293-3046","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Velasco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Clinical and Translational Research Group in Cardiology, IdiPAZ\/CIBER-CV, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Cuadrado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy, and Botany Department, Facultad de Farmacia, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatriz","family":"de las Heras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy, and Botany Department, Facultad de Farmacia, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0253-5469","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisardo","family":"Bosc\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Metabolism and Cell Signaling, Biomedical Research Institute \u201cSols-Morreale\u201d CSIC-UAM, 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Prieto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Metabolism and Cell Signaling, Biomedical Research Institute \u201cSols-Morreale\u201d CSIC-UAM, 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Clinical and Translational Research Group in Cardiology, IdiPAZ\/CIBER-CV, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy, and Botany Department, Facultad de Farmacia, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-024-01074-2","article-title":"Pathophysiology of dilated cardiomyopathy: From mechanisms to precision medicine","volume":"22","author":"Gigli","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01241-2","article-title":"Dilated cardiomyopathy: Causes, mechanisms, and current and future treatment approaches","volume":"402","author":"Heymans","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ppedcard.2014.10.003","article-title":"Genetic causes of dilated cardiomyopathy","volume":"37","author":"Mestroni","year":"2014","journal-title":"Prog. Pediatr. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18103\/mra.v12i12.6111","article-title":"Dilated Cardiomyopathy\u2014Exploring the Underlying Causes","volume":"12","author":"Wieczorek","year":"2024","journal-title":"Med. Res. Arch."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e012602","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.124.012602","article-title":"Antecedent Flu-Like Illness and Onset of Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy: The DCM Precision Medicine Study","volume":"18","author":"Ni","year":"2025","journal-title":"Circ. Heart Fail."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1007\/s10741-021-10139-0","article-title":"Dilated cardiomyopathy in the era of precision medicine: Latest concepts and developments","volume":"27","author":"Orphanou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Heart Fail. Rev."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Newman, N.A., and Burke, M.A. (2024). Dilated Cardiomyopathy: A Genetic Journey from Past to Future. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252111460"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, X., Chen, C., Gan, F., Wang, Y., Ding, L., and Hua, W. (2014). Plasma NT pro-BNP, hs-CRP and big-ET levels at admission as prognostic markers of survival in hospitalized patients with dilated cardiomyopathy: A single-center cohort study. BMC Cardiovasc. Disord., 14.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2261-14-67"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1159\/000006913","article-title":"C-Reactive protein in dilated cardiomyopathy","volume":"91","author":"Kaneko","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cardiology"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.70.857","article-title":"Prediction of mortality by high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and brain natriuretic peptide in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy","volume":"70","author":"Ishikawa","year":"2006","journal-title":"Circ. J."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13479","article-title":"Pro-resolving lipid mediators are leads for resolution physiology","volume":"510","author":"Serhan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10531","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202000611R","article-title":"BML-111 treatment prevents cardiac apoptosis and oxidative stress in a mouse model of autoimmune myocarditis","volume":"34","author":"Zaragoza","year":"2020","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-024-02501-x","article-title":"Lipoxin A4 improves cardiac remodeling and function in diabetes-associated cardiac dysfunction","volume":"23","author":"Fu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Diabetol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kain, V., Liu, F., Kozlovskaya, V., Ingle, K.A., Bolisetty, S., Agarwal, A., Khedkar, S., Prabhu, S.D., Kharlampieva, E., and Halade, G.V. (2017). Resolution Agonist 15-epi-Lipoxin A4 Programs Early Activation of Resolving Phase in Post-Myocardial Infarction Healing. Sci. Rep., 7.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-10441-8"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saqib, U., Pandey, M., Vyas, A., Patidar, P., Hajela, S., Ali, A., Tiwari, M., Sarkar, S., Yadav, N., and Patel, S. (2025). Lipoxins as Modulators of Diseases. Cells, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells14161244"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106618","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2022.106618","article-title":"Prognostic impacts of Lipoxin A4 in patients with acute myocardial infarction: A prospective cohort study","volume":"187","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S417630","article-title":"Declined Serum Resolvin D1 Levels to Predict Severity and Prognosis of Human Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Prospective Cohort Study","volume":"19","author":"Yu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr. Dis. Treat."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1159\/000527064","article-title":"The Role of Serum Resolvin D1 Levels in Determining the Presence and Prognosis of ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction","volume":"31","year":"2022","journal-title":"Med. Princ. Pract."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Recchiuti, A., and Serhan, C.N. (2012). Pro-Resolving Lipid Mediators (SPMs) and Their Actions in Regulating miRNA in Novel Resolution Circuits in Inflammation. Front. Immunol., 3.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2012.00298"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-023-00984-x","article-title":"Specialized pro-resolving mediators in vascular inflammation and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease","volume":"21","author":"Fredman","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tyszkowski, R., and Mehrzad, R. (2023). Resolution of inflammation. Inflammation and Obesity, A New and Novel Approach to Manage Obesity and Its Consequences, Academic Press.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-90960-0.00016-3"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lewandowski, P., Go\u0142awski, M., Baron, M., Reichman-Warmusz, E., and Wojnicz, R. (2022). A Systematic Review of miRNA and cfDNA as Potential Biomarkers for Liquid Biopsy in Myocarditis and Inflammatory Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Biomolecules, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom12101476"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chiti, E., Di Paolo, M., Turillazzi, E., and Rocchi, A. (2021). Micrornas in hypertrophic, arrhythmogenic and dilated cardiomyopathy. Diagnostics, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics11091720"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alonso-Villa, E., Bonet, F., Hernandez-Torres, F., Campuzano, \u00d3., Sarquella-Brugada, G., Quezada-Feijoo, M., Ramos, M., Mangas, A., and Toro, R. (2022). The Role of MicroRNAs in Dilated Cardiomyopathy: New Insights for an Old Entity. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232113573"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2023.13059","article-title":"MicroRNA-378: An important player in cardiovascular diseases (Review)","volume":"28","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1007\/s00380-022-02172-2","article-title":"Diagnostic and prognostic value of miR-486-5p, miR-451a, miR-21-5p and monocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio in patients with acute myocardial infarction","volume":"38","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heart Vessel."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Iwa\u0144czyk, S., Lehmann, T., Cie\u015blewicz, A., Malesza, K., Wo\u017aniak, P., Hertel, A., Krupka, G., Jagodzi\u0144ski, P.P., Grygier, M., and Lesiak, M. (2023). Circulating miRNA-451a and miRNA-328-3p as Potential Markers of Coronary Artery Aneurysmal Disease. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24065817"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e921877","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.921877","article-title":"MicroRNA-328-3p Protects Vascular Endothelial Cells Against Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Induced Injury via Targeting Forkhead Box Protein O4 (FOXO4) in Atherosclerosis","volume":"26","author":"Qin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Monit."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S\u00e1nchez-Garc\u00eda, S., Ja\u00e9n, R.I., Lozano-Rodr\u00edguez, R., Avenda\u00f1o-Ortiz, J., Pascual-Iglesias, A., Hurtado-Navarro, L., L\u00f3pez-Collazo, E., Bosc\u00e1, L., and Prieto, P. (2024). Lipoxin A4 levels correlate with severity in a Spanish COVID-19 cohort: Potential use of endogenous pro-resolving mediators as biomarkers. Front. Immunol., 15.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1509188"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1093\/ajh\/hpw053","article-title":"Lipoxin A4 is increased in the plasma of preeclamptic women","volume":"29","author":"Perucci","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Hypertens."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2018.09.025","article-title":"The atheroprotective role of lipoxin A4 prevents oxLDL-induced apoptotic signaling in macrophages via JNK pathway","volume":"278","author":"Mai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2021.102365","article-title":"Low LXA4, RvD1 and RvE1 levels may be an indicator of the development of hypertension","volume":"174","year":"2021","journal-title":"Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fat. Acids"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2020.08.006","article-title":"Low levels of pro-resolving lipid mediators lipoxin-A4, resolvin-D1 and resolvin-E1 in patients with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"227","year":"2020","journal-title":"Immunol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Demirci, S., and Sezer, S. (2025). Serum Maresin-1 and Resolvin-D1 Levels as Non-Invasive Biomarkers for Monitoring Disease Activity in Ulcerative Colitis. Diagnostics, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics15070834"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1536\/ihj.22-361","article-title":"Acute Coronary Syndrome May be Associated with Decreased Resolvin D1-to-Leukotriene B4 Ratio","volume":"64","author":"Sun","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1111\/eci.12265","article-title":"Impaired resolution of inflammation in human chronic heart failure","volume":"44","author":"Carvalho","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106990","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prostaglandins.2025.106990","article-title":"Decreased plasma lipoxin A4, resolvin D1, protectin D1 are correlated with the complexity and prognosis of coronary heart disease: A retrospective cohort study","volume":"178","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1007\/s11886-023-02014-1","article-title":"MicroRNAs and Cardiovascular Disease Risk","volume":"26","author":"Searles","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Cardiol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8499","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb46080500","article-title":"Diagnostic and Prognostic Role of Circulating microRNAs in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease-Impact on Left Ventricle and Arterial Function","volume":"46","author":"Iacobescu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Issues Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.4103\/ijca.ijca_8_22","article-title":"Circulating microRNAs as potential novel biomarkers in cardiovascular diseases: Emerging role, biogenesis, current knowledge, therapeutics and the road ahead","volume":"8","author":"Rahul","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiovasc. Acad."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4617","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.15919","article-title":"Formylpeptide receptor 2: Nomenclature, structure, signalling and translational perspectives: IUPHAR review 35","volume":"179","author":"Qin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20160571","article-title":"miR-378 reduces mesangial hypertrophy and kidney tubular fibrosis via MAPK signalling","volume":"131","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Sci."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1080\/09546634.2020.1728210","article-title":"MiR-486-5p inhibits the hyperproliferation and production of collagen in hypertrophic scar fibroblasts via IGF1\/PI3K\/AKT pathway","volume":"32","author":"Xiao","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Dermatol. Treat."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110792","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2023.110792","article-title":"MicroRNA-142-3P suppresses the progression of papillary thyroid carcinoma by targeting FN1 and inactivating FAK\/ERK\/PI3K signaling","volume":"109","author":"Jiang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell. Signal."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111939","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2020.111939","article-title":"MiR-328-3p inhibits cell proliferation and metastasis in colorectal cancer by targeting Girdin and inhibiting the PI3K\/Akt signaling pathway","volume":"390","author":"Pan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp. Cell Res."},{"key":"ref_46","first-page":"3600","article-title":"MiR-378 modulates energy imbalance and apoptosis of mitochondria induced by doxorubicin","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Transl. Res."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1536\/ihj.23-485","article-title":"MiR-378 Inhibits Angiotensin II-Induced Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy by Targeting AKT2","volume":"65","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2097","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.000882","article-title":"MiR-378 controls cardiac hypertrophy by combined repression of mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway factors","volume":"127","author":"Ganesan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12913","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.331751","article-title":"A novel cardiomyocyte-enriched MicroRNA, miR-378, targets insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor: Implications in postnatal cardiac remodeling and cell survival","volume":"287","author":"Knezevic","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_50","unstructured":"Abdul-Jabbar Ali1, S., Al-Shlah, H.H., and Al-Hamdani, M.M. (2021). Evaluating the Sensitivity of (miR-378) as a Circulatory Screening Biomarker for Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: Comparative Study. Med. Leg. Updat., 21, 912\u2013918."},{"key":"ref_51","first-page":"422","article-title":"MiR-486 alleviates hypoxia\/reoxygenation-induced H9c2 cell injury by regulating forkhead box D3","volume":"26","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sun, Y., Su, Q., Li, L., Wang, X., Lu, Y., and Liang, J. (2017). MiR-486 regulates cardiomyocyte apoptosis by p53-mediated BCL-2 associated mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. BMC Cardiovasc. Disord., 17.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-017-0549-7"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2019.02.002","article-title":"Exosomes of bone-marrow stromal cells inhibit cardiomyocyte apoptosis under ischemic and hypoxic conditions via miR-486-5p targeting the PTEN\/PI3K\/AKT signaling pathway","volume":"177","author":"Sun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Thromb. Res."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1675","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2022.01.031","article-title":"miR-486 attenuates cardiac ischemia\/reperfusion injury and mediates the beneficial effect of exercise for myocardial protection","volume":"30","author":"Bei","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.03.045","article-title":"MicroRNA-486-5p targeting PTEN Protects Against Coronary Microembolization-Induced Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis in Rats by activating the PI3K\/AKT pathway","volume":"855","author":"Zhu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eabb0202","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.abb0202","article-title":"Small extracellular vesicles containing miR-486-5p promote angiogenesis after myocardial infarction in mice and nonhuman primates","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-022-04406-y","article-title":"miRNA-486-5p: Signaling targets and role in non-malignant disease","volume":"79","author":"Douvris","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-012-1546-x","article-title":"Circulating miRNA as novel markers for diastolic dysfunction","volume":"376","author":"Nair","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.09.146","article-title":"Overexpression of miR-142-3p improves mitochondrial function in cardiac hypertrophy","volume":"108","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-019-1341-7","article-title":"The mechanism of miR-142-3p in coronary microembolization-induced myocardiac injury via regulating target gene IRAK-1","volume":"10","author":"Su","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E28980","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000028980","article-title":"Upregulated miR-328-3p and its high risk in atrial fibrillation: A systematic review and meta-analysis with meta-regression","volume":"101","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_62","first-page":"2365","article-title":"Myocardial infarction cardiomyocytes-derived exosomal miR-328-3p promote apoptosis via Caspase signaling","volume":"13","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Transl. Res."}],"container-title":["Cells"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4409\/14\/23\/1916\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T05:29:48Z","timestamp":1764826188000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4409\/14\/23\/1916"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"23","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["cells14231916"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells14231916","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]]}}}