{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T23:45:18Z","timestamp":1790034318628,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765929600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R15DK131511-01A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R15DK131511-01A1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells (VSMC) dysfunction is a major contributor to Type 1 diabetes (T1D)-associated vascular complications. Ca2+ is a key messenger responsible for maintaining VSMC tone and function, and alterations in its cytosolic levels are central to diabetes-related vasculopathy. Heat Shock Protein 70 (HSP70), a multifaceted chaperone present intracellularly (iHSP70), regulates vascular reactivity by supporting Ca2+ handling, and extracellularly (eHSP70) activates immune signaling. Disruption of eHSP70\/iHSP70 balance has been implicated in T1D-associated VSMC dysfunction. Curcumin, a phytochemical found in turmeric, is an emerging therapeutic adjuvant for treating a wide range of pathologies, including diabetes. However, whether curcumin modulates Ca2+ dynamics and HSP70 expression, thereby improving VSMC function, in diabetic aorta remains unclear. To investigate this, Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats (i.p. 65 mg\/kg) were treated with curcumin (300 mg\/kg) for 28 days. Vascular function was evaluated using wire myography to assess changes in biphasic contraction curve and Ca2+ dynamics, while HSP70 was quantified using Western blotting and ELISA. Structural alterations were analyzed by assessing collagen and elastin using Picrosirius staining and fluorescence microscopy. Chronic curcumin treatment improved vascular function by normalizing Ca2+ mishandling, restoring the eHSP70\/iHSP70 ratio, reducing hypercontractility, and mitigating arterial structural alterations. These findings indicate that curcumin could potentially ameliorate diabetes-related VSMC dysfunction by restoring Ca2+ homeostasis and modulating HSP70.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells14242015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T15:53:46Z","timestamp":1765986826000},"page":"2015","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Chronic Treatment with Curcumin Prevents Vascular Dysfunction in the Aorta of Type 1 Diabetes by Restoring Ca2+ Mishandling and Modulating HSP70 Levels"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2749-4675","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Swasti","family":"Rastogi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Science, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL 32901, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Grimm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Science, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL 32901, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brooke","family":"Biby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Science, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL 32901, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucila","family":"Mathieu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Science, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL 32901, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Trinh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Science, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL 32901, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4838-7617","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kenia Pedrosa","family":"Nunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Science, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL 32901, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.5.1047","article-title":"Global prevalence of diabetes: Estimates for the year 2000 and projections for 2030","volume":"27","author":"Wild","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Lucier, J., and Mathias, P.M. (2024). Type 1 Diabetes, StatPearls."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e35285","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000035285","article-title":"Vascular complications of diabetes: A narrative review","volume":"102","author":"Lu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tang, H.Y., Chen, A.Q., Zhang, H., Gao, X.F., Kong, X.Q., and Zhang, J.J. (2022). Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Phenotypic Switching in Cardiovascular Diseases. Cells, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11244060"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H613","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00220.2020","article-title":"Metabolism of vascular smooth muscle cells in vascular diseases","volume":"319","author":"Shi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sallam, N.A., and Laher, I. (2020). Redox Signaling and Regional Heterogeneity of Endothelial Dysfunction in db\/db Mice. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21176147"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000115118","article-title":"Hyperglycemia and the pathobiology of diabetic complications","volume":"45","author":"Aronson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Adv. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1939","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.49.11.1939","article-title":"High glucose level and free fatty acid stimulate reactive oxygen species production through protein kinase C-dependent activation of NAD(P)H oxidase in cultured vascular cells","volume":"49","author":"Inoguchi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2003.10.004","article-title":"p22phox-derived superoxide mediates enhanced proliferative capacity of diabetic vascular smooth muscle cells","volume":"64","author":"Jeong","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardiores.2005.04.008","article-title":"COX-2 up-regulation and vascular smooth muscle contractile hyperreactivity in spontaneous diabetic db\/db mice","volume":"67","author":"Guo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"H1036","article-title":"Enhanced vascular alpha-adrenergic neuroeffector system in diabetes: Importance of calcium","volume":"255","author":"White","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4165(88)90027-X","article-title":"Alterations of elastin and elastase-like activities in aortae of diabetic rats","volume":"967","author":"Kwan","year":"1988","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2004.04.002","article-title":"AGE-related cross-linking of collagen is associated with aortic wall matrix stiffness in the pathogenesis of drug-induced diabetes in rats","volume":"68","author":"Reddy","year":"2004","journal-title":"Microvasc. Res."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.4196\/kjpp.2013.17.4.307","article-title":"High glucose induces connective tissue growth factor expression and extracellular matrix accumulation in rat aorta vascular smooth muscle cells via extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1\/2","volume":"17","author":"Ha","year":"2013","journal-title":"Korean J. Physiol. Pharmacol. Off. J. Korean Physiol. Soc. Korean Soc. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceca.2014.08.007","article-title":"Ca2+ handling alterations and vascular dysfunction in diabetes","volume":"56","author":"Rueda","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Calcium"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H714","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.2000.278.3.H714","article-title":"Altered L-type Ca2+ channel currents in vascular smooth muscle cells from experimental diabetic rats","volume":"278","author":"Wang","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fransen, P., Van Hove, C.E., Leloup, A.J., Martinet, W., De Meyer, G.R., Lemmens, K., Bult, H., and Schrijvers, D.M. (2015). Dissecting out the complex Ca2+-mediated phenylephrine-induced contractions of mouse aortic segments. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0121634"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121079","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2022.121079","article-title":"Increased eHSP70-to-iHSP70 ratio disrupts vascular responses to calcium and activates the TLR4-MD2 complex in type 1 diabetes","volume":"310","author":"Priviero","year":"2022","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117986","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.117986","article-title":"An additional physiological role for HSP70: Assistance of vascular reactivity","volume":"256","author":"Nunes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1420","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-80966-6","article-title":"Dissecting the interaction between HSP70 and vascular contraction: Role of [Formula: See text] handling mechanisms","volume":"11","author":"Priviero","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de Oliveira, A.A., Priviero, F., Webb, R.C., and Nunes, K.P. (2021). Impaired HSP70 Expression in the Aorta of Female Rats: A Novel Insight Into Sex-Specific Differences in Vascular Function. Front. Physiol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.666696"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de Oliveira, A.A., Mendoza, V.O., Priviero, F., Webb, R.C., and Nunes, K.P. (2022). Age-Related Decline in Vascular Responses to Phenylephrine Is Associated with Reduced Levels of HSP70. Biomolecules, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom12081125"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.64.1.85","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory activity of 15-deoxy-delta12,14-PGJ2 and 2-cyclopenten-1-one: Role of the heat shock response","volume":"64","author":"Ianaro","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(02)00310-2","article-title":"HSP70 protects against TNF-induced lethal inflammatory shock","volume":"16","author":"Wielockx","year":"2002","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"51","article-title":"Toll-like receptor 4 and heat-shock protein 70: Is it a new target pathway for diabetic vasculopathies?","volume":"20","author":"Webb","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Drug Targets"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de Oliveira, A.A., Faustino, J., de Lima, M.E., Menezes, R., and Nunes, K.P. (2019). Unveiling the Interplay between the TLR4\/MD2 Complex and HSP70 in the Human Cardiovascular System: A Computational Approach. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20133121"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ochoa Mendoza, V., de Oliveira, A.A., and Nunes, K.P. (2025). Blockade of HSP70 Improves Vascular Function in a Mouse Model of Type 2 Diabetes. Cells, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells14060424"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00041.2008","article-title":"Vascular extracellular matrix and arterial mechanics","volume":"89","author":"Wagenseil","year":"2009","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dai, C., and Khalil, R.A. (2025). Calcium Signaling Dynamics in Vascular Cells and Their Dysregulation in Vascular Disease. Biomolecules, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom15060892"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2012.10.001","article-title":"HSP70 increases extracellular matrix production by human vascular smooth muscle through TGF-\u03b21 up-regulation","volume":"45","author":"Calleros","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hewlings, S.J., and Kalman, D.S. (2017). Curcumin: A Review of Its Effects on Human Health. Foods, 6.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods6100092"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2008.06.010","article-title":"Potential therapeutic effects of curcumin, the anti-inflammatory agent, against neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, pulmonary, metabolic, autoimmune and neoplastic diseases","volume":"41","author":"Aggarwal","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jakubczyk, K., Dru\u017cga, A., Katarzyna, J., and Skonieczna-\u017bydecka, K. (2020). Antioxidant Potential of Curcumin-A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials. Antioxidants, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9111092"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-7075-8-35","article-title":"Curcumin ameliorates macrophage infiltration by inhibiting NF-\u03baB activation and proinflammatory cytokines in streptozotocin induced-diabetic nephropathy","volume":"8","author":"Soetikno","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nutr. Metab."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1655","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201100080","article-title":"Curcumin attenuates diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting PKC-\u03b1 and PKC-\u03b21 activity in streptozotocin-induced type I diabetic rats","volume":"55","author":"Soetikno","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol. Nutr. Food Res."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1186\/s12937-024-01022-3","article-title":"Curcumin extract improves beta cell functions in obese patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"23","author":"Yaikwawong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nutr. J."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636053","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/636053","article-title":"Curcumin and diabetes: A systematic review","volume":"2013","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Evid.-Based Complement. Altern. Med."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1232","DOI":"10.1007\/s43440-025-00744-3","article-title":"Effects of curcumin on vascular smooth muscle cells: Implications for health and disease","volume":"77","author":"Shohrati","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.0000191635.00744.b6","article-title":"Curcumin inhibits platelet-derived growth factor-stimulated vascular smooth muscle cell function and injury-induced neointima formation","volume":"26","author":"Yang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceca.2012.11.014","article-title":"Inhibition of L-type Ca2+ channels by curcumin requires a novel protein kinase-theta isoform in rat hippocampal neurons","volume":"53","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Calcium"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108938","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2021.108938","article-title":"Curcumin increases heat shock protein 70 expression via different signaling pathways in intestinal epithelial cells","volume":"707","author":"Guo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.4162\/nrp.2023.17.3.397","article-title":"Role of heat shock protein 70 in regulation of anti-inflammatory response to curcumin in 3T3-L1 adipocytes","volume":"17","author":"Shin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutr. Res. Pract."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kilkenny, C., Browne, W.J., Cuthill, I.C., Emerson, M., and Altman, D.G. (2010). Improving bioscience research reporting: The ARRIVE guidelines for reporting animal research. PLoS Biol., 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1000412"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.30802\/AALAS-JAALAS-17-000143","article-title":"Administering Fixed Oral Doses of Curcumin to Rats through Voluntary Consumption","volume":"57","author":"Hocking","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Am. Assoc. Lab. Anim. Sci. JAALAS"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249205","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/249205","article-title":"The chaperone balance hypothesis: The importance of the extracellular to intracellular HSP70 ratio to inflammation-driven type 2 diabetes, the effect of exercise, and the implications for clinical management","volume":"2015","author":"Krause","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mediat. Inflamm."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cox, F.F., Misiou, A., Vierkant, A., Ale-Agha, N., Grandoch, M., Haendeler, J., and Altschmied, J. (2022). Protective Effects of Curcumin in Cardiovascular Diseases-Impact on Oxidative Stress and Mitochondria. Cells, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11030342"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118412","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2025.118412","article-title":"Therapeutic potential of curcumin in cardiovascular disease: Targeting atherosclerosis pathophysiology","volume":"190","author":"Yadav","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28358","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-09783-5","article-title":"Curcumin supplementation improves the clinical outcomes of patients with diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk","volume":"15","author":"Elkholy","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1770","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.5197","article-title":"Lipid-lowering effects of curcumin in patients with metabolic syndrome: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"28","author":"Yang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1097\/01.fjc.0000183720.85014.24","article-title":"Time-dependent changes in antioxidant enzymes and vascular reactivity of aorta in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats treated with curcumin","volume":"46","author":"Majithiya","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zanzer, Y.C., Batista, \u00c2.G., Dougkas, A., Tovar, J., Granfeldt, Y., and \u00d6stman, E. (2019). Difficulties in Translating Appetite Sensations Effect of Turmeric-Based Beverage When Given Prior to Isoenergetic Medium- or High-Fat Meals in Healthy Subjects. Nutrients, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11040736"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-7843.2011.00818.x","article-title":"Intracellular Ca2+ signalling and phenotype of vascular smooth muscle cells","volume":"110","author":"Matchkov","year":"2012","journal-title":"Basic Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_53","first-page":"3691349","article-title":"Effects of Hyperglycemia on Vascular Smooth Muscle Ca2+ Signaling","volume":"2017","author":"Kulkarni","year":"2017","journal-title":"BioMed Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1159\/000075238","article-title":"Augmented contractile response of vascular smooth muscle in a diabetic mouse model","volume":"40","author":"Okon","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Vasc. Res."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1097\/00005344-199008000-00010","article-title":"Enhanced contractile responses of arteries from diabetic rats to alpha 1-adrenoceptor stimulation in the absence and presence of extracellular calcium","volume":"16","author":"Abebe","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Clemente, J.M., Cano, A., Albert, L., Gim\u00e9nez-Palop, O., Romero, A., Berlanga, E., Vendrell, J., and Llaurad\u00f3, G. (2021). Arterial Stiffness in Type 1 Diabetes: The Case for the Arterial Wall Itself as a Target Organ. J. Clin. Med., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10163616"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H189","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00087.2018","article-title":"Elastin, arterial mechanics, and cardiovascular disease","volume":"315","author":"Cocciolone","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2012.03.022","article-title":"Two distinct dysfunctions in diabetic mouse mesenteric artery contraction are caused by changes in the Rho A-Rho kinase signaling pathway","volume":"683","author":"Nobe","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1681.2007.04832.x","article-title":"Abnormalities of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ mobilization in aortic smooth muscle cells from streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats","volume":"35","author":"Ma","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2840-9-8","article-title":"Intracellular Ca2+ regulating proteins in vascular smooth muscle cells are altered with type 1 diabetes due to the direct effects of hyperglycemia","volume":"9","author":"Searls","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Diabetol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2020.03.009","article-title":"Abnormal Ca2+ handling contributes to the impairment of aortic smooth muscle contractility in Zucker diabetic fatty rats","volume":"141","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcmd.2009.04.005","article-title":"Enhanced expression of STIM1\/Orai1 and TRPC3 in platelets from patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"43","author":"Zbidi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Blood Cells Mol. Dis."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2017.09.007","article-title":"The Curcumin-Induced Vasorelaxation in Rat Superior Mesenteric Arteries","volume":"48","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. Vasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1007\/s12192-008-0068-7","article-title":"Guidelines for the nomenclature of the human heat shock proteins","volume":"14","author":"Kampinga","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell Stress Chaperones"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-004-4464-6","article-title":"Hsp70 chaperones: Cellular functions and molecular mechanism","volume":"62","author":"Mayer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci. CMLS"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1080\/02656730500041921","article-title":"Release of heat shock proteins (Hsps) and the effects of extracellular Hsps on neural cells and tissues","volume":"21","author":"Tytell","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. J. Hyperth."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2022.106173","article-title":"New insights into the role and therapeutic potential of HSP70 in diabetes","volume":"178","author":"Mendoza","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1080\/13813455.2020.1745850","article-title":"Chaperone duality: The role of extracellular and intracellular HSP70 as a biomarker of endothelial dysfunction in the development of atherosclerosis","volume":"128","author":"Hirsch","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arch. Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1954.34.4.619","article-title":"Relation of structure to function of the tissues of the wall of blood vessels","volume":"34","author":"Burton","year":"1954","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de Oliveira, A.A., Priviero, F., Delgado, A., Dong, P., Mendoza, V.O., Gu, L., Webb, R.C., and Nunes, K.P. (2022). Connecting Aortic Stiffness to Vascular Contraction: Does Sex Matter?. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms231911314"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1007\/s00395-011-0201-0","article-title":"Coronary arterioles in type 2 diabetic (db\/db) mice undergo a distinct pattern of remodeling associated with decreased vessel stiffness","volume":"106","author":"Katz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Basic Res. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2012.10.008","article-title":"Curcumin ameliorates arterial dysfunction and oxidative stress with aging","volume":"48","author":"Fleenor","year":"2013","journal-title":"Exp. Gerontol."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1093\/advances\/nmx011","article-title":"The Problem of Curcumin and Its Bioavailability: Could Its Gastrointestinal Influence Contribute to Its Overall Health-Enhancing Effects?","volume":"9","author":"Lopresti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1937","DOI":"10.1039\/c1np00051a","article-title":"Multitargeting by curcumin as revealed by molecular interaction studies","volume":"28","author":"Gupta","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Rep."}],"container-title":["Cells"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4409\/14\/24\/2015\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T15:59:04Z","timestamp":1765987144000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4409\/14\/24\/2015"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]]},"references-count":74,"journal-issue":{"issue":"24","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["cells14242015"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells14242015","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]]}}}