{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T05:36:07Z","timestamp":1767245767448,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":126,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]],"date-time":"2025-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767052800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009712","name":"Dravet Syndrome Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["NIH-NIGMS R35GM150766"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIH-NIGMS R35GM150766"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009712","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"NIH Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Award","award":["T32TR004394"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32TR004394"]}]},{"name":"NCRR Shared Instrumentation Grants","award":["1S10OD016232-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1S10OD016232-01"]}]},{"name":"NCRR Shared Instrumentation Grants","award":["1S10OD018210-01A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1S10OD018210-01A1"]}]},{"name":"NCRR Shared Instrumentation Grants","award":["1S10OD021505-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1S10OD021505-01"]}]},{"name":"National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health","award":["P30CA042014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30CA042014"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Dravet Syndrome (DS) is a severe genetic epileptic encephalopathy caused by mutations in the SCN1A gene that encodes the voltage-gated sodium channel (NaV1.1) subunit alpha. DS is characterized by intractable seizures, progressive developmental delay, cognitive impairment, and high mortality due to sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). SUDEP is mediated by respiratory dysfunction, but the exact molecular underpinnings are unclear. Though hippocampal metabolic alterations have been reported in DS mice, such changes in brain regions controlling breathing have not been studied. We used Scn1aA1783V\/WT DS mice to study temporal alterations in the brain metabolome, including analysis of brainstem and forebrain regions. Glycolytic and pentose phosphate pathway intermediates were significantly elevated in the brainstem of DS mice during the period of enhanced susceptibility to mortality (post-natal days P20\u201330). In older P40\u2013P50 mice, mitochondrial aconitate and the antioxidant glutathione were significantly elevated in the brainstem. Single-nuclei RNA sequencing (snRNA seq) and proteomic analyses revealed alterations in genes associated with neurotransmission, cellular respiration, and protein translation, as well as reorganization of protein kinase-mediated pathways that are specific to the brainstem. These findings suggest that there are widespread metabolic changes in the brainstem of DS mice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells15010067","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T16:34:23Z","timestamp":1767198863000},"page":"67","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Multiomic Analyses Reveal Brainstem Metabolic Changes in a Mouse Model of Dravet Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8019-2123","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashwini","family":"Sri Hari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Epilepsy Therapy Screening Program (ETSP) Contract Site, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6196-3036","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandria M.","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA"},{"name":"Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Audrey","family":"Scholl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aidan","family":"Mulligan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janint","family":"Camacho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epilepsy Therapy Screening Program (ETSP) Contract Site, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ireland Rose","family":"Kearns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epilepsy Therapy Screening Program (ETSP) Contract Site, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gustavo Vasquez","family":"Opazo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epilepsy Therapy Screening Program (ETSP) Contract Site, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jenna","family":"Cheminant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Musci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Min-Jee","family":"Goh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3741-2634","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Venosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8223-442X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philip J.","family":"Moos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0996-1655","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Golkowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA"},{"name":"Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1510-0405","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cameron S.","family":"Metcalf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epilepsy Therapy Screening Program (ETSP) Contract Site, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2009.02481.x","article-title":"Estimation of the burden of active and life-time epilepsy: A meta-analytic approach","volume":"51","author":"Ngugi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-52891-9.00065-8","article-title":"Dravet syndrome (severe myoclonic epilepsy in infancy)","volume":"111","author":"Dravet","year":"2013","journal-title":"Handb. Clin. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1038\/jhg.2013.77","article-title":"The SCN1A gene variants and epileptic encephalopathies","volume":"58","author":"Parihar","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2016.10.006","article-title":"Mortality in Dravet syndrome","volume":"128","author":"Cooper","year":"2016","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2018.09.041","article-title":"Outcomes and comorbidities of SCN1A-related seizure disorders","volume":"90","author":"Gunning","year":"2019","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.13591","article-title":"Quality of life and comorbidities associated with Dravet syndrome severity: A multinational cohort survey","volume":"60","author":"Lagae","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dev. Med. Child. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0000000000000184","article-title":"Mechanisms of sudden unexplained death in epilepsy","volume":"28","author":"Goldman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"Pathak, S.J., Yousaf, M.I.K., and Shah, V.B. (2024). Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy. StatPearls, StatPearls."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(13)70214-X","article-title":"Incidence and mechanisms of cardiorespiratory arrests in epilepsy monitoring units (MORTEMUS): A retrospective study","volume":"12","author":"Ryvlin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI94999","article-title":"Severe peri-ictal respiratory dysfunction is common in Dravet syndrome","volume":"128","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e171","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000006785","article-title":"Postconvulsive central apnea as a biomarker for sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP)","volume":"92","author":"Vilella","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2387","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3053-19.2020","article-title":"Cardiorespiratory Dysfunction Induced by Brainstem Spreading Depolarization: A Potential Mechanism for SUDEP","volume":"40","author":"Katayama","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awy356","article-title":"Brainstem spreading depolarization: Rapid descent into the shadow of SUDEP","volume":"142","author":"Noebels","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aiba, I., and Noebels, J.L. (2015). Spreading depolarization in the brainstem mediates sudden cardiorespiratory arrest in mouse SUDEP models. Sci. Transl. Med., 7.","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aaa4050"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13827","article-title":"Postictal hypoperfusion\/hypoxia provides the foundation for a unified theory of seizure-induced brain abnormalities and behavioral dysfunction","volume":"58","author":"Farrell","year":"2017","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e216","DOI":"10.1038\/emm.2016.4","article-title":"Emerging role of the brain in the homeostatic regulation of energy and glucose metabolism","volume":"48","author":"Roh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McDonald, T., Puchowicz, M., and Borges, K. (2018). Impairments in Oxidative Glucose Metabolism in Epilepsy and Metabolic Treatments Thereof. Front. Cell Neurosci., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2018.00274"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1951","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2004.08.021","article-title":"Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress: Cause and consequence of epileptic seizures","volume":"37","author":"Patel","year":"2004","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2013.54","article-title":"Brain Mitochondrial Metabolic Dysfunction and Glutamate Level Reduction in the Pilocarpine Model of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy in Mice","volume":"33","author":"Smeland","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"873","article-title":"Cerebral blood flow and glucose metabolism in human epilepsy","volume":"79","author":"Theodore","year":"1999","journal-title":"Adv. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2000","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.16976","article-title":"Metabolomic signature of the Dravet syndrome: A genetic mouse model study","volume":"62","author":"Miljanovic","year":"2021","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.2008.062323","article-title":"Spectrum of SCN1A gene mutations associated with Dravet syndrome: Analysis of 333 patients","volume":"46","author":"Depienne","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Med. Genet."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e6","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12489","article-title":"High-resolution molecular genomic autopsy reveals complex sudden unexpected death in epilepsy risk profile","volume":"55","author":"Klassen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1961","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000069463.41870.2F","article-title":"Spectrum of SCN1A mutations in severe myoclonic epilepsy of infancy","volume":"60","author":"Nabbout","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"625","article-title":"Genetic and phenotypic characteristics of SCN1A mutations in Dravet syndrome","volume":"29","author":"Xu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Zhonghua Yi Xue Yi Chuan Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1665","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.16925","article-title":"Development of an antiseizure drug screening platform for Dravet syndrome at the NINDS contract site for the Epilepsy Therapy Screening Program","volume":"62","author":"Pernici","year":"2021","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pernici, C.D., Spink, A., Dahle, E.J., Johnson, K.J., Metcalf, C.S., West, P.J., and Wilcox, K.S. (2021). Evaluation of spontaneous seizure activity, sex-dependent differences, behavioral comorbidities, and alterations in CA1 neuron firing properties in a mouse model of Dravet Syndrome. bioRxiv.","DOI":"10.1101\/2021.06.16.448684"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14172","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-50627-w","article-title":"Epilepsy and neuropsychiatric comorbidities in mice carrying a recurrent Dravet syndrome SCN1A missense mutation","volume":"9","author":"Ricobaraza","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cels.2020.07.006","article-title":"Pharmacoproteomics Identifies Kinase Pathways that Drive the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Drug Resistance in Hepatocellular Carcinoma","volume":"11","author":"Golkowski","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Syst."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jproteome.9b00742","article-title":"Kinobead\/LC-MS Phosphokinome Profiling Enables Rapid Analyses of Kinase-Dependent Cell Signaling Networks","volume":"19","author":"Golkowski","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Proteome Res."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2023.01.015","article-title":"Multiplexed kinase interactome profiling quantifies cellular network activity and plasticity","volume":"83","author":"Golkowski","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"ref_32","unstructured":"Goh, M.-J. (2023). Evaluation of a Potential Mechansim of SUDEP in a Mouse Model of Dravet Syndrome, The University of Utah."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Woods, K., Rants\u2019o, T.A., Chan, A.M., Sapre, T., Mastin, G.E., Maguire, K.M., Ong, S.-E., and Golkowski, M. (2024). diaPASEF-Powered Chemoproteomics Enables Deep Kinome Interaction Profiling. bioRxiv.","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.11.22.624841"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-020-00998-0","article-title":"diaPASEF: Parallel accumulation-serial fragmentation combined with data-independent acquisition","volume":"17","author":"Meier","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-019-0638-x","article-title":"DIA-NN: Neural networks and interference correction enable deep proteome coverage in high throughput","volume":"17","author":"Demichev","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.3901","article-title":"The Perseus computational platform for comprehensive analysis of (prote)omics data","volume":"13","author":"Tyanova","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1074\/mcp.TIR118.000943","article-title":"A Curated Resource for Phosphosite-specific Signature Analysis","volume":"18","author":"Krug","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Cell Proteom."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/28.1.27","article-title":"KEGG: Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes","volume":"28","author":"Kanehisa","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hulsen, T., de Vlieg, J., and Alkema, W. (2008). BioVenn\u2014A web application for the comparison and visualization of biological lists using area-proportional Venn diagrams. BMC Genom., 9.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-9-488"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bazzigaluppi, P., Ebrahim Amini, A., Weisspapir, I., Stefanovic, B., and Carlen, P.L. (2017). Hungry Neurons: Metabolic Insights on Seizure Dynamics. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18112269"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Godoi, A.B., do Canto, A.M., Donatti, A., Rosa, D.C., Bruno, D.C.F., Alvim, M.K., Yasuda, C.L., Martins, L.G., Quintero, M., and Tasic, L. (2022). Circulating Metabolites as Biomarkers of Disease in Patients with Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. Metabolites, 12.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202203.0314.v1"},{"key":"ref_42","unstructured":"AbuAlrob, M.A., and Tadi, P. (2024). Neuroanatomy, Nucleus Solitarius. StatPearls, StatPearls."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-4584-1_16","article-title":"The retrotrapezoid nucleus and breathing","volume":"758","author":"Guyenet","year":"2012","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1986.61.4.1249","article-title":"Role of ventrolateral medulla in regulation of respiratory and cardiovascular systems","volume":"61","author":"Millhorn","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6952","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.18-17-06952.1998","article-title":"Essential role of the fosB gene in molecular, cellular, and behavioral actions of chronic electroconvulsive seizures","volume":"18","author":"Hiroi","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10594","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2542-04.2004","article-title":"Induction of deltaFosB in reward-related brain structures after chronic stress","volume":"24","author":"Perrotti","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stephens, G.S., Park, J., Eagle, A., You, J., Silva-Perez, M., Fu, C.H., Choi, S., Romain, C.P.S., Sugimoto, C., and Buffington, S.A. (2024). Persistent \u2206FosB expression limits recurrent seizure activity and provides neuroprotection in the dentate gyrus of APP mice. Prog. Neurobiol., 237.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2024.102612"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kuo, F.S., Cleary, C.M., LoTurco, J.J., Chen, X., and Mulkey, D.K. (2019). Disordered breathing in a mouse model of Dravet syndrome. Elife, 8.","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.43387"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ding, F., Yao, J., Rettberg, J.R., Chen, S., and Brinton, R.D. (2013). Early decline in glucose transport and metabolism precedes shift to ketogenic system in female aging and Alzheimer\u2019s mouse brain: Implication for bioenergetic intervention. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0079977"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, X., Alshakhshir, N., and Zhao, L. (2021). Glycolytic Metabolism, Brain Resilience, and Alzheimer\u2019s Disease. Front. Neurosci., 15.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2021.662242"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e158","DOI":"10.1038\/emm.2015.5","article-title":"Gephyrin: A central GABAergic synapse organizer","volume":"47","author":"Choii","year":"2015","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-012-1003-7","article-title":"Long-term proteasomal inhibition in transgenic mice by UBB(+1) expression results in dysfunction of central respiration control reminiscent of brainstem neuropathology in Alzheimer patients","volume":"124","author":"Irmler","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-023-00814-x","article-title":"CaMK1D signalling in AgRP neurons promotes ghrelin-mediated food intake","volume":"5","author":"Vivot","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Metab."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1679","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1517-21.2022","article-title":"Daam2 Regulates Myelin Structure and the Oligodendrocyte Actin Cytoskeleton through Rac1 and Gelsolin","volume":"42","author":"Cristobal","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1159\/000095110","article-title":"Myelin-Associated Oligodendrocytic Basic Protein: A Family of Abundant CNS Myelin Proteins in Search of a Function","volume":"28","author":"Montague","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-023-03037-1","article-title":"A loss-of-function mutation in human Oxidation Resistance 1 disrupts the spatial-temporal regulation of histone arginine methylation in neurodevelopment","volume":"24","author":"Lin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Morr\u00e9, D.J., and Morr\u00e9, D.M. (2013). The ENOX Protein Family. ECTO-NOX Proteins: Growth, Cancer, and Aging, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-3958-5"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, J.Y., Kim, J.W., and Yenari, M.A. (2020). Heat shock protein signaling in brain ischemia and injury. Neurosci. Lett., 715.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2019.134642"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2018.01.008","article-title":"NDUFB8 Mutations Cause Mitochondrial Complex I Deficiency in Individuals with Leigh-like Encephalomyopathy","volume":"102","author":"Assouline","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2138","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.61288","article-title":"Biallelic variants in COX4I1 associated with a novel phenotype resembling Leigh syndrome with developmental regression, intellectual disability, and seizures","volume":"179","author":"Pillai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Med. Genet. A"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.3390\/stresses4040061","article-title":"Dynamic Dysregulation of Ribosomal Protein Genes in Mouse Brain Stress Models","volume":"4","author":"Sharma","year":"2024","journal-title":"Stresses"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miljanovic, N., Hauck, S.M., van Dijk, R.M., Di Liberto, V., Rezaei, A., and Potschka, H. (2021). Proteomic signature of the Dravet syndrome in the genetic Scn1a-A1783V mouse model. Neurobiol. Dis., 157.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105423"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.03.014","article-title":"On the Dependency of Cellular Protein Levels on mRNA Abundance","volume":"165","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1912","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1075762","article-title":"The protein kinase complement of the human genome","volume":"298","author":"Manning","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd2999","article-title":"Targeting protein kinases in central nervous system disorders","volume":"8","author":"Chico","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd.2018.21","article-title":"Kinase inhibitors: The road ahead","volume":"17","author":"Ferguson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.5698\/1535-7597.18.5.318","article-title":"A Metabolic Paradigm for Epilepsy","volume":"18","author":"Patel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Epilepsy Curr."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-022-00651-8","article-title":"The metabolic basis of epilepsy","volume":"18","author":"Rho","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_69","unstructured":"Basinger, H., and Hogg, J.P. (2024). Neuroanatomy, Brainstem. StatPearls, StatPearls."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9548","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkac710","article-title":"Chemically targeting the redox switch in AP1 transcription factor DeltaFOSB","volume":"50","author":"Kumar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Giordano, C., Vinet, J., Curia, G., and Biagini, G. (2015). Repeated 6-Hz Corneal Stimulation Progressively Increases FosB\/DeltaFosB Levels in the Lateral Amygdala and Induces Seizure Generalization to the Hippocampus. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0141221"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2017.06.040","article-title":"DeltaFosB Regulates Gene Expression and Cognitive Dysfunction in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"20","author":"Corbett","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stephens, G.S., Fu, C.H., St Romain, C.P., Zheng, Y., Botterill, J.J., Scharfman, H.E., Liu, Y., and Chin, J. (2020). Genes Bound by DeltaFosB in Different Conditions with Recurrent Seizures Regulate Similar Neuronal Functions. Front. Neurosci., 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2020.00472"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4413","article-title":"Epigenetic suppression of hippocampal calbindin-D28k by DeltaFosB drives seizure-related cognitive deficits","volume":"23","author":"You","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Banerji, R., Huynh, C., Figueroa, F., Dinday, M.T., Baraban, S.C., and Patel, M. (2021). Enhancing glucose metabolism via gluconeogenesis is therapeutic in a zebrafish model of Dravet syndrome. Brain Commun., 3.","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcab004"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ksendzovsky, A., Bachani, M., Altshuler, M., Walbridge, S., Mortazavi, A., Moyer, M., Chen, C., Fayed, I., Steiner, J., and Edwards, N. (2022). Chronic neuronal activation leads to elevated lactate dehydrogenase A through the AMP-activated protein kinase\/hypoxia-inducible factor-1\u03b1 hypoxia pathway. Brain Commun., 5.","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcac298"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1172","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13796","article-title":"Impaired hippocampal glucose metabolism during and after flurothyl-induced seizures in mice: Reduced phosphorylation coincides with reduced activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase","volume":"58","author":"McDonald","year":"2017","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alonso, C., Garcia-Culebras, A., Satta, V., Hernandez-Fisac, I., Sierra, A., Guimare, J.A., Lizasoain, I., Fernandez-Ruiz, J., and Sagredo, O. (2025). Investigation in blood-brain barrier integrity and susceptibility to immune cell penetration in a mouse model of Dravet syndrome. Brain Behav. Immun. Health, 44.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2025.100955"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-7254.2007.00512.x","article-title":"Stearic acid protects primary cultured cortical neurons against oxidative stress","volume":"28","author":"Wang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol. Sin."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-7254.2006.00259.x","article-title":"Neuroprotective effects of stearic acid against toxicity of oxygen\/glucose deprivation or glutamate on rat cortical or hippocampal slices","volume":"27","author":"Wang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol. Sin."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb1978.13.76","article-title":"Effect of straight chain fatty acids on seizures induced by picrotoxin and pentylenetetrazole in mice","volume":"13","author":"Nakamura","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Pharmacobiodyn"},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2005.12.008","article-title":"Neuroprotective effect of the stearic acid against oxidative stress via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway","volume":"160","author":"Wang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chem. Biol. Interact."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3129","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-05614-6","article-title":"Dietary stearic acid regulates mitochondria in vivo in humans","volume":"9","author":"Pfaff","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1982.tb07962.x","article-title":"The influence of bicuculline-induced seizures on free fatty acid concentrations in cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum","volume":"39","author":"Siesjo","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00432183","article-title":"Anticonvulsant doses of inosine result in brain levels sufficient to inhibit [3H] diazepam binding","volume":"75","author":"Marangos","year":"1981","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3513","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddu059","article-title":"Mitochondrial protein acetylation is driven by acetyl-CoA from fatty acid oxidation","volume":"23","author":"Pougovkina","year":"2014","journal-title":"Human Mol. Genet."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1111\/brv.12140","article-title":"The return of metabolism: Biochemistry and physiology of the pentose phosphate pathway","volume":"90","author":"Stincone","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biol. Rev. Camb. Philos. Soc."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10732","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-47057-z","article-title":"Neuroprotective effects of oleic acid in rodent models of cerebral ischaemia","volume":"9","author":"Song","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.17412","article-title":"Potential new roles for glycogen in epilepsy","volume":"64","author":"Dienel","year":"2023","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2018.08.008","article-title":"[(18)F]fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography study of genetically confirmed patients with Dravet syndrome","volume":"147","author":"Haginoya","year":"2018","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.23247","article-title":"Epilepsy and astrocyte energy metabolism","volume":"66","author":"Boison","year":"2018","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-015-1650-x","article-title":"Determination of Glucose Utilization Rates in Cultured Astrocytes and Neurons with [(14)C]deoxyglucose: Progress, Pitfalls, and Discovery of Intracellular Glucose Compartmentation","volume":"42","author":"Dienel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Obel, L.F., M\u00fcller, M.S., Walls, A.B., Sickmann, H.M., Bak, L.K., Waagepetersen, H.S., and Schousboe, A. (2012). Brain glycogen-new perspectives on its metabolic function and regulation at the subcellular level. Front. Neuroenergetics, 4.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnene.2012.00003"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(01)02615-4","article-title":"Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase supports the functioning of the synapses in rat cerebellar cortex","volume":"911","author":"Biagiotti","year":"2001","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6807","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms7807","article-title":"Direct neuronal glucose uptake heralds activity-dependent increases in cerebral metabolism","volume":"6","author":"Lundgaard","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1020734203128","article-title":"Postnatal expression of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in different brain areas","volume":"23","author":"Ninfali","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kovacs, R., Gerevich, Z., Friedman, A., Otahal, J., Prager, O., Gabriel, S., and Berndt, N. (2018). Bioenergetic Mechanisms of Seizure Control. Front. Cell Neurosci., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2018.00335"},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.3109\/00207454.2015.1018385","article-title":"Long-term metabolic alterations in a febrile seizure model","volume":"126","author":"Heng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-014-0258-1","article-title":"Neuroimaging the epileptogenic process","volume":"11","author":"Shultz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-0082(99)00060-X","article-title":"Metabolism and functions of glutathione in brain","volume":"62","author":"Dringen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2018.01.008","article-title":"13 reasons why the brain is susceptible to oxidative stress","volume":"15","author":"Cobley","year":"2018","journal-title":"Redox. Biol."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2016.06.027","article-title":"Adaptive regulation of the brain\u2019s antioxidant defences by neurons and astrocytes","volume":"100","author":"Baxter","year":"2016","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/0361-9230(90)90124-I","article-title":"Glutathione Levels in Specific Brain-Regions of Genetically Epileptic (Tg\/Tg) Mice","volume":"25","author":"Abbott","year":"1990","journal-title":"Brain Res. Bull."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1422","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.57.8.1422","article-title":"Brain glutathione levels in patients with epilepsy measured by in vivo1H-MRS","volume":"57","author":"Mueller","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1172","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2010.07013.x","article-title":"Persistent impairment of mitochondrial and tissue redox status during lithium-pilocarpine-induced epileptogenesis","volume":"115","author":"Waldbaum","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sri Hari, A., Banerji, R., Liang, L.P., Fulton, R.E., Huynh, C.Q., Fabisiak, T., McElroy, P.B., Roede, J.R., and Patel, M. (2023). Increasing glutathione levels by a novel posttranslational mechanism inhibits neuronal hyperexcitability. Redox. Biol., 67.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2023.102895"},{"key":"ref_107","unstructured":"Jewett, B.E., and Sharma, S. (2025). Physiology, GABA. StatPearls, StatPearls."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kumar, M.G., Rowley, S., Fulton, R., Dinday, M.T., Baraban, S.C., and Patel, M. (2016). Altered Glycolysis and Mitochondrial Respiration in a Zebrafish Model of Dravet Syndrome. eNeuro, 3.","DOI":"10.1523\/ENEURO.0008-16.2016"},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2011.08.010","article-title":"Dravet syndrome: Patients with co-morbid SCN1A gene mutations and mitochondrial electron transport chain defects","volume":"21","author":"Craig","year":"2012","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/s12015-006-0002-2","article-title":"Specification and differentiation of serotonergic neurons","volume":"2","author":"Alenina","year":"2006","journal-title":"Stem. Cell Rev."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5441","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0150-18.2018","article-title":"Specialized Subpopulations of Deep-Layer Pyramidal Neurons in the Neocortex: Bridging Cellular Properties to Functional Consequences","volume":"38","author":"Baker","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.20581","article-title":"Nonserotonergic projection neurons in the midbrain raphe nuclei contain the vesicular glutamate transporter VGLUT3","volume":"63","author":"Jackson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Synapse"},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kebschull, J.M., Richman, E.B., Ringach, N., Friedmann, D., Albarran, E., Kolluru, S.S., Jones, R.C., Allen, W.E., Wang, Y., and Cho, S.W. (2020). Cerebellar nuclei evolved by repeatedly duplicating a conserved cell-type set. Science, 370.","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abd5059"},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peters, C., Rosch, R.E., Hughes, E., and Ruben, P.C. (2016). Temperature-dependent changes in neuronal dynamics in a patient with an SCN1A mutation and hyperthermia induced seizures. Sci. Rep., 6.","DOI":"10.1038\/srep31879"},{"key":"ref_115","unstructured":"Mir, D.A., Ma, Z., Horrocks, J., and Rogers, A.N. (2024). Stress-induced Eukaryotic Translational Regulatory Mechanisms. arXiv."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Morey, N., Przybyla, M., van der Hoven, J., Ke, Y.D., Delerue, F., van Eersel, J., and Ittner, L.M. (2022). Treatment of epilepsy using a targeted p38gamma kinase gene therapy. Sci. Adv., 8.","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.add2577"},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, X., Wang, F.Y., Chi, S., Liu, T., Yang, H.L., Zhong, R.J., Li, X.Y., and Gao, J. (2024). Mitochondria-targeting peptide SS-31 attenuates ferroptosis via inhibition of the p38 MAPK signaling pathway in the hippocampus of epileptic rats. Brain Res., 1836.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2024.148882"},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2011.11.006","article-title":"Serine-threonine kinase 38 is regulated by glycogen synthase kinase-3 and modulates oxidative stress-induced cell death","volume":"52","author":"Enomoto","year":"2012","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2016.10.009","article-title":"Stressed and Inflamed, Can GSK3 Be Blamed?","volume":"42","author":"Jope","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends Biochem. Sci."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.4161\/auto.28789","article-title":"Activation of the MAPK11\/12\/13\/14 (p38 MAPK) pathway regulates the transcription of autophagy genes in response to oxidative stress induced by a novel copper complex in HeLa cells","volume":"10","author":"Zhong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1652","DOI":"10.4161\/auto.29456","article-title":"MAPK14\/p38\u03b1-dependent modulation of glucose metabolism affects ROS levels and autophagy during starvation","volume":"10","author":"Desideri","year":"2014","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2015.1135283","article-title":"STK38 at the crossroad between autophagy and apoptosis","volume":"12","author":"Joffre","year":"2016","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1202683","article-title":"p38\u03b1 senses environmental stress to control innate immune responses via mechanistic target of rapamycin","volume":"190","author":"Katholnig","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1922","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.04.045","article-title":"GSK3\u03b2 Regulates Brain Energy Metabolism","volume":"23","author":"Martin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kong, X., Dai, G., Zeng, Z., Zhang, Y., Gu, J., Ma, T., Wang, N., Gu, J., and Wang, Y. (2024). Integrating Proteomics and Transcriptomics Reveals the Potential Pathways of Hippocampal Neuron Apoptosis in Dravet Syndrome Model Mice. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25084457"},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1992","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.8b00281","article-title":"Identification of GSK-3 as a Potential Therapeutic Entry Point for Epilepsy","volume":"10","author":"Aourz","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Chem. Neurosci."}],"container-title":["Cells"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4409\/15\/1\/67\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T05:32:46Z","timestamp":1767245566000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4409\/15\/1\/67"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]]},"references-count":126,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["cells15010067"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells15010067","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-4409"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2073-4409"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]]}}}