{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T18:41:32Z","timestamp":1791312092913,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,4]],"date-time":"2026-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767484800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Prostate cancer (PCa) is a common malignancy in men worldwide, with incidence projected to rise in the coming years. Traditional screening and diagnostic methods, such as prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing and biopsy, face limitations in specificity and invasiveness. Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as stable, non-invasive biomarkers obtainable via liquid biopsies (blood, urine, semen) that could transform PCa management. These small regulatory RNAs reflect underlying tumor biology and are detectable at early disease stages, enabling improved early detection when used alongside or in place of PSA. Distinct miRNA expression patterns correlate with tumor aggressiveness. For example, miR-141 and miR-375 are elevated in metastatic cases, whereas let-7 family members and miR-326 are upregulated in aggressive disease, highlighting their prognostic value. Moreover, dynamic changes in reported miRNAs during therapy provide real-time insights into treatment response. In androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT), oncogenic miRNAs, such as miR-21 and miR-125b, increase upon resistance, whereas a decline in tumor-suppressive miRNAs, such as miR-23b\/-27b, flags the transition to castration-resistant PCa (CRPC). Similarly, baseline levels of miRNAs (e.g., miR-200b\/c, miR-20a) can predict chemotherapy outcomes. Integrating multi-miRNA panels has demonstrated superior accuracy for risk stratification and monitoring, paving the way for personalized treatment. Although promising, clinical implementation of miRNA-based assays requires further validation, standardization of protocols, and large-scale prospective studies. Harnessing circulating miRNAs could usher in a new era of precision oncology for PCa, improving early diagnosis, prognostication, and real-time therapeutic guidance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells15010083","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T16:07:07Z","timestamp":1767629227000},"page":"83","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["MicroRNAs in Prostate Cancer Liquid Biopsies: Early Detection, Prognosis, and Treatment Monitoring"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-3423-5336","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seyyed Mohammad","family":"Yaghoubi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant, Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 5166616471, Iran"},{"name":"Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5165665811, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7899-8593","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erfan","family":"Zare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil 5371713111, Iran"},{"name":"Students Research Committee, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil 5618985991, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sina","family":"Jafari Dargahlou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Advanced Technologies, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Namin 5619911367, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Jafari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Anzali International Campus, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht 4144666949, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahdiye","family":"Azimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5165665811, Iran"},{"name":"Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 5166616471, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-3168-7709","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maedeh","family":"Khoshnazar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Developmental Biology, TeMS.C. Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1916893813, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Solmaz","family":"Shirjang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genetics, Genomics and Cancer Biology Program, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Jefferson College of Life Sciences, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA"},{"name":"Program in Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9444-7134","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Behzad","family":"Mansoori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.14740\/wjon1191","article-title":"Epidemiology of Prostate Cancer","volume":"10","author":"Rawla","year":"2019","journal-title":"World J. 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