{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T22:15:51Z","timestamp":1790288151390,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767744000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["Projektnummer (492331627)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Projektnummer (492331627)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Radiotherapy (RT) is currently among the standard treatments for lung cancer. However, in vitro studies have revealed that irradiation can increase lung cancer cell motility. This way, RT could potentially enhance the malignancy of solid tumors post-treatment, promoting metastasis. Therefore, there is a continued need to continue evolving RT modalities into safer and more effective treatments. The present study compares the impact of the broad beam (BB) and the spatially fractionated modality of microbeam radiation therapy (MRT) on the motility of A549 lung cancer cells. Our data corroborates previous findings that showed BB irradiation is a promoter of cell motility. For MRT, however, we observed a prevention of cellular migration. A significant reduction in NF-\u03baB expression was observed only when A549 cells were irradiated with MRT, indicating a potential mechanism behind these findings. Finally, our data supports potential issues regarding MRT irradiation of key components of the tumor microenvironment, such as fibroblasts. Co-culturing A549 cells with MRT-irradiated MRC-5 lung fibroblasts led to increased tumor cell invasion, not observed when the fibroblasts received BB irradiation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells15020107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T16:14:12Z","timestamp":1767802452000},"page":"107","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Targeting Lung Cancer Cell Motility Using Microbeam Radiation Therapy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-8890-9260","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00d6mer","family":"Da\u011fkazanl\u0131","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, TUM School of Medicine and Health and Klinikum Rechts der Isar, University Hospital of the Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Stra\u00dfe 22, 81675 Munich, Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Radiation Medicine (IRM), Helmholtz Zentrum M\u00fcnchen GmbH, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aleksandra","family":"\u010coli\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, TUM School of Medicine and Health and Klinikum Rechts der Isar, University Hospital of the Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Stra\u00dfe 22, 81675 Munich, Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Radiation Medicine (IRM), Helmholtz Zentrum M\u00fcnchen GmbH, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rainer","family":"Lindner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Radiation Medicine (IRM), Helmholtz Zentrum M\u00fcnchen GmbH, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9550-9122","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefan","family":"Bartzsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, TUM School of Medicine and Health and Klinikum Rechts der Isar, University Hospital of the Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Stra\u00dfe 22, 81675 Munich, Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Radiation Medicine (IRM), Helmholtz Zentrum M\u00fcnchen GmbH, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie E.","family":"Combs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, TUM School of Medicine and Health and Klinikum Rechts der Isar, University Hospital of the Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Stra\u00dfe 22, 81675 Munich, Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Radiation Medicine (IRM), Helmholtz Zentrum M\u00fcnchen GmbH, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas E.","family":"Schmid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, TUM School of Medicine and Health and Klinikum Rechts der Isar, University Hospital of the Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Stra\u00dfe 22, 81675 Munich, Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Radiation Medicine (IRM), Helmholtz Zentrum M\u00fcnchen GmbH, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4610-1328","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marina Santiago","family":"Franco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, TUM School of Medicine and Health and Klinikum Rechts der Isar, University Hospital of the Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Stra\u00dfe 22, 81675 Munich, Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Radiation Medicine (IRM), Helmholtz Zentrum M\u00fcnchen GmbH, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"229","article-title":"Global Cancer Statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries","volume":"74","author":"Bray","year":"2024","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. 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