{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,25]],"date-time":"2026-01-25T05:17:05Z","timestamp":1769318225575,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769126400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005739","name":"PAPIIT-UNAM","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IN105024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IN105024"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005739","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005739","name":"PAPIIT-UNAM","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IA103325"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IA103325"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005739","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005739","name":"PAPIIT-UNAM","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IN228623"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IN228623"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005739","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003141","name":"CONAHCYT","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003141","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"CONAHCYT\/SECIHTI","award":["CF-2023-I-1496"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CF-2023-I-1496"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009068","name":"CONACYT-Fronteras","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["568492"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["568492"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009068","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a silent condition that can lead to fatal cirrhosis, with dietary factors playing a central role. The effect of various dietary interventions on male Wistar rats were evaluated in four diets: control, arsenic, sucrose, and arsenic\u2013sucrose. SHG microscopy images from the right ventral lobe of the liver tissue were analyzed with a neural network trained to detect the presence or absence of collagen fibers, followed by the assessment of their orientation and angular distribution. Machine learning classification of SHG microscopy images revealed a marked increase in fibrosis risk with dietary interventions: &lt;10% in controls, 24% with arsenic, 40% with sucrose, and 62% with combined arsenic\u2013sucrose intake. Angular width distribution of collagen fibers narrowed dramatically across groups: 26\u00b0 (control), 24\u00b0 (arsenic), 15.7\u00b0 (sucrose), and 2.8\u00b0 (arsenic\u2013sucrose). This analysis revealed four key statistical features for classifying the images according to the presence or absence of collagen fibers: (1) the percentage of pixels whose intensity is above the 15% noise threshold, (2) the Mean-to-Standard Deviation ratio (Mean\/std), (3) the mode, and (4) the total intensity (sum). These results demonstrate that a diet rich in sucrose, particularly in combination with arsenic, constitutes a significant risk factor for liver collagen fiber remodeling.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells15030214","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T13:55:34Z","timestamp":1769176534000},"page":"214","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Quantitative Analysis of Arsenic- and Sucrose-Induced Liver Collagen Remodeling Using Machine Learning on Second-Harmonic Generation Microscopy Images"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3950-7856","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00f3nica","family":"Maldonado-Terr\u00f3n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Cto. 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Mateo","family":"Frausto-Avila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de F\u00edsica Aplicada y Tecnolog\u00eda Avanzada, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Juriquilla, Quer\u00e9taro 76230, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jose Pablo","family":"Manriquez-Amavizca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tecnol\u00f3gico de Monterrey, Calle Epigmenio Gonz\u00e1lez 500, Fraccionamiento Vista 2000, Quer\u00e9taro 76130, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9276-1928","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Myrian","family":"Velasco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cognitive Neurosciences, Instituto de Fisiolog\u00eda Celular, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Cto. 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