{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,14]],"date-time":"2026-06-14T09:42:16Z","timestamp":1781430136264,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":296,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769472000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Italian Ministry of University and Research","award":["PRIN 2022C878FP"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRIN 2022C878FP"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In skeletal muscles fibers, cellular respiration, excitation\u2013contraction (EC) coupling (the mechanism that translates action potentials in Ca2+ release), and store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE, a mechanism that allows recovery of external Ca2+ during fatigue) take place in organelles specifically dedicated to each function: (a) aerobic ATP production in mitochondria; (b) EC coupling in intracellular junctions formed by association between transverse tubules (TTs) and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) named triads; (c) SOCE in Ca2+\u00a0entry units (CEUs), SR-TT junctions that are in continuity with membranes of triads, but that contain a different molecular machinery (see Graphical Abstract). In the past 20 years, we have studied skeletal muscle fibers by collecting biopsies from humans and isolating muscles from animal models (mouse, rat, rabbit) under different conditions of muscle inactivity (sedentary aging, denervation, immobilization by casting) and after exercise, either after voluntary training in humans (running, biking, etc.) or in mice kept in wheel cages or after running protocols on a treadmill. In all these studies, we have assessed the ultrastructure of the mitochondrial network and of the sarcotubular system (i.e., SR plus TTs) by electron microscopy (EM) and then collected functional data correlating (i) the changes occurring with aging and inactivity with a loss-of-function, and (ii) the structural improvement\/rescue after exercise with a gain-of-function. The picture that emerged from this long journey points to the importance of the internal architecture of muscle fibers for their capability to function properly. Indeed, we discovered how the intracellular organization of the mitochondrial network and of the membrane systems involved in controlling intracellular calcium concentration (i[Ca2+]) is finely controlled and remodeled by inactivity and exercise. In this manuscript, we give an integrated picture of changes caused by inactivity and exercise and how they may affect muscle function.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells15030248","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T17:07:38Z","timestamp":1769533658000},"page":"248","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Exercise Protects Skeletal Muscle Fibers from Age-Related Dysfunctional Remodeling of Mitochondrial Network and Sarcotubular System"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0213-7591","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Feliciano","family":"Protasi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CAST, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology & DMSI, Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University Gabriele d\u2019Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, I-66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4151-2980","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matteo","family":"Serano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, Molecular Medicine Section, University of Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-5927-6995","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alice","family":"Brasile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CAST, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology & DMSI, Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University Gabriele d\u2019Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, I-66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1197-7813","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Pietrangelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CAST, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology & DMSI, Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University Gabriele d\u2019Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, I-66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11S","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1976.tb03812.x","article-title":"Calcium Ion as Second Messenger","volume":"5","author":"Rasmussen","year":"1976","journal-title":"Clin. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm1661","article-title":"Annexins: Linking Ca2+ Signalling to Membrane Dynamics","volume":"6","author":"Gerke","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1254\/jphs.CPJ06004X","article-title":"Calcium Ion as a Second Messenger With Special Reference to Excitation-Contraction Coupling","volume":"100","author":"Endo","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"PE4","DOI":"10.1126\/stke.2003.166.pe4","article-title":"Excitation-Transcription Coupling: Signaling by Ion Channels to the Nucleus","volume":"2003","author":"Dolmetsch","year":"2003","journal-title":"Sci. STKE"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2007.11.028","article-title":"Calcium Signaling","volume":"131","author":"Clapham","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceca.2017.05.003","article-title":"Mitochondrial and Endoplasmic Reticulum Calcium Homeostasis and Cell Death","volume":"69","author":"Marchi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Calcium"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M505024200","article-title":"Transfer and Tunneling of Ca2+ from Sarcoplasmic Reticulum to Mitochondria in Skeletal Muscle","volume":"281","author":"Shkryl","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200403102","article-title":"In Vivo Monitoring of Ca2+ Uptake into Mitochondria of Mouse Skeletal Muscle during Contraction","volume":"166","author":"Rudolf","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bola\u00f1os, P., and Calder\u00f3n, J.C. (2022). Excitation-Contraction Coupling in Mammalian Skeletal Muscle: Blending Old and Last-Decade Research. Front. Physiol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2022.989796"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gherardi, G., Monticelli, H., Rizzuto, R., and Mammucari, C. (2020). The Mitochondrial Ca2+ Uptake and the Fine-Tuning of Aerobic Metabolism. Front. Physiol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2020.554904"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-007-0312-5","article-title":"The Use of CalciumOrange-5N as a Specific Marker of Mitochondrial Ca2+ in Mouse Skeletal Muscle Fibers","volume":"455","author":"Guillen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pflug. Arch."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1097\/JES.0b013e3181911fa4","article-title":"Sarcoplasmic Reticulum-Mitochondrial Symbiosis","volume":"37","author":"Rossi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Exerc. Sport. Sci. Rev."},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"2965","article-title":"Interactions between Sarco-Endoplasmic Reticulum and Mitochondria in Cardiac and Skeletal Muscle\u2014Pivotal Roles in Ca2+ and Reactive Oxygen Species Signaling","volume":"126","author":"Eisner","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbabio.2009.06.004","article-title":"SR\/ER-Mitochondrial Local Communication: Calcium and ROS","volume":"1787","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"176","article-title":"Excitation-Contraction Coupling in Muscular Response","volume":"25","author":"Sandow","year":"1952","journal-title":"Yale J. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"1116","article-title":"Role of the Action Potential in Excitation-Contraction Coupling","volume":"24","author":"Sandow","year":"1965","journal-title":"Fed. Proc."},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"587","article-title":"Local Ca2+ Release Events in Skeletal Muscle","volume":"25","author":"Schneider","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Muscle Res. Cell Motil."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1997.77.3.699","article-title":"Ryanodine Receptors of Striated Muscles: A Complex Channel Capable of Multiple Interactions","volume":"77","author":"Protasi","year":"1997","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1007\/s12551-013-0135-x","article-title":"The Excitation\u2013Contraction Coupling Mechanism in Skeletal Muscle","volume":"6","author":"Caputo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biophys. Rev."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5274","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1432-1327.2000.01569.x","article-title":"Calcium Transport across the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum: Structure and Function of Ca2+-ATPase and the Ryanodine Receptor","volume":"267","author":"Stokes","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur. J. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Ochoa, E.O., Pratt, S.J.P., Lovering, R.M., and Schneider, M.F. (2015). Critical Role of Intracellular RyR1 Calcium Release Channels in Skeletal Muscle Function and Disease. Front. Physiol., 6.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2015.00420"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0143-4160(86)90026-6","article-title":"A Model for Receptor-Regulated Calcium Entry","volume":"7","author":"Putney","year":"1986","journal-title":"Cell Calcium"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1997.77.4.901","article-title":"Store Depletion and Calcium Influx","volume":"77","author":"Parekh","year":"1997","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2007.135046","article-title":"Store-operated Ca2+ Entry during Intracellular Ca2+ Release in Mammalian Skeletal Muscle","volume":"583","author":"Launikonis","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2941","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0536227100","article-title":"Identification of the Coupling between Skeletal Muscle Store-Operated Ca2+ Entry and the Inositol Trisphosphate Receptor","volume":"100","author":"Launikonis","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.2001.0185b.x","article-title":"Depletion of Ca2+ in the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Stimulates Ca2+ Entry into Mouse Skeletal Muscle Fibres","volume":"533","author":"Kurebayashi","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3139","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2009.172148","article-title":"Checking Your SOCCs and Feet: The Molecular Mechanisms of Ca2+ Entry in Skeletal Muscle","volume":"587","author":"Dirksen","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceca.2018.10.004","article-title":"Role of STIM1\/ORAI1-Mediated Store-Operated Ca2+ Entry in Skeletal Muscle Physiology and Disease","volume":"76","author":"Michelucci","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Calcium"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Protasi, F., Girolami, B., Serano, M., Pietrangelo, L., and Paolini, C. (2022). Ablation of Calsequestrin-1, Ca2+ Unbalance, and Susceptibility to Heat Stroke. Front. Physiol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2022.1033300"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2496","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2017.09.023","article-title":"SOCE Is Important for Maintaining Sarcoplasmic Calcium Content and Release in Skeletal Muscle Fibers","volume":"113","author":"Sztretye","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biophys. J."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2805","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms3805","article-title":"Orai1-Dependent Calcium Entry Promotes Skeletal Muscle Growth and Limits Fatigue","volume":"4","author":"Carrell","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lilliu, E., Koenig, S., Koenig, X., and Frieden, M. (2021). Store-Operated Calcium Entry in Skeletal Muscle: What Makes It Different?. Cells, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10092356"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1058","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.e08-07-0783","article-title":"Mitochondria Are Linked to Calcium Stores in Striated Muscle by Developmentally Regulated Tethering Structures","volume":"20","author":"Boncompagni","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Cell"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C1128","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00194.2011","article-title":"Differential Impact of Mitochondrial Positioning on Mitochondrial Ca2+ Uptake and Ca2+ Spark Suppression in Skeletal Muscle","volume":"301","author":"Rossi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol.-Cell Physiol."},{"key":"ref_35","first-page":"830573","article-title":"The Evolution of the Mitochondria-to-Calcium Release Units Relationship in Vertebrate Skeletal Muscles","volume":"2011","author":"Boncompagni","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-36185-w","article-title":"Defective Excitation-Contraction Coupling and Mitochondrial Respiration Precede Mitochondrial Ca2+ Accumulation in Spinobulbar Muscular Atrophy Skeletal Muscle","volume":"14","author":"Marchioretti","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2012.12.004","article-title":"Mitochondrial Colocalization with Ca2+ Release Sites Is Crucial to Cardiac Metabolism","volume":"104","author":"Hatano","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biophys. J."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbabio.2010.01.005","article-title":"Calcium Uptake Mechanisms of Mitochondria","volume":"1797","author":"Demaurex","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.47.2.488","article-title":"Studies of the triad","volume":"47","year":"1970","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ph.56.030194.002453","article-title":"Structure and Development of E-C Coupling Units in Skeletal Muscle","volume":"56","author":"Jorgensen","year":"1994","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.5.10.1105","article-title":"Molecular Organization of Transverse Tubule\/Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Junctions during Development of Excitation-Contraction Coupling in Skeletal Muscle","volume":"5","author":"Flucher","year":"1994","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Cell"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(94)80539-9","article-title":"Restoration of Junctional Tetrads in Dysgenic Myotubes by Dihydropyridine Receptor CDNA","volume":"67","author":"Takekura","year":"1994","journal-title":"Biophys. J."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8101","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.15.8101","article-title":"Formation of Junctions Involved in Excitation-Contraction Coupling in Skeletal and Cardiac Muscle","volume":"93","author":"Flucher","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14286","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-14134-0","article-title":"Exercise-Dependent Formation of New Junctions That Promote STIM1-Orai1 Assembly in Skeletal Muscle","volume":"7","author":"Boncompagni","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e202012617","DOI":"10.1085\/jgp.202012617","article-title":"Pre-Assembled Ca2+ Entry Units and Constitutively Active Ca2+ Entry in Skeletal Muscle of Calsequestrin-1 Knockout Mice","volume":"152","author":"Michelucci","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Gen. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e47576","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.47576","article-title":"Transverse Tubule Remodeling Enhances Orai1-Dependent Ca2+ Entry in Skeletal Muscle","volume":"8","author":"Michelucci","year":"2019","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e202213114","DOI":"10.1085\/jgp.202213114","article-title":"Constitutive Assembly of Ca2+ Entry Units in Soleus Muscle from Calsequestrin Knockout Mice","volume":"154","author":"Michelucci","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Gen. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Protasi, F., Pietrangelo, L., and Boncompagni, S. (2021). Improper Remodeling of Organelles Deputed to Ca2+ Handling and Aerobic ATP Production Underlies Muscle Dysfunction in Ageing. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22126195"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2022.102347","article-title":"Store-Operated Calcium Entry: From Physiology to Tubular Aggregate Myopathy","volume":"68","author":"Protasi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/0079-6107(68)90023-0","article-title":"Calcium Ion and Muscle Contraction","volume":"18","author":"Ebashi","year":"1968","journal-title":"Prog. Biophys. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4617","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00801a004","article-title":"Mechanism of Adenosine Triphosphate Hydrolysis by Actomyosin","volume":"10","author":"Lymn","year":"1971","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7622","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms8622","article-title":"Mechanism of Potassium Ion Uptake by the Na+\/K+-ATPase","volume":"6","author":"Castillo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-199401000-00007","article-title":"The Importance of the Creatine Kinase Reaction: The Concept of Metabolic Capacitance","volume":"26","author":"Sweeney","year":"1994","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1007\/s11302-012-9305-8","article-title":"ATP Synthesis and Storage","volume":"8","author":"Bonora","year":"2012","journal-title":"Purinergic Signal."},{"key":"ref_55","unstructured":"Farrell, P.A., Joyner, M.J., and Caiozzo, V.J. (2012). ACSM\u2019s Advanced Exercise Physiology, Wolters Kluwer Health\/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C423","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.2000.278.2.C423","article-title":"Ca2+ Activation of Heart Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation: Role of the F0\/F1-ATPase","volume":"278","author":"Territo","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol.-Cell Physiol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-198908000-00011","article-title":"The Role of Calcium in the Control of Respiration by Muscle Mitochondria","volume":"21","author":"McMillin","year":"1989","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2410145","article-title":"Relation between Cytosolic Free Ca2+ Concentration and the Control of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase in Isolated Cardiac Myocytes","volume":"241","author":"Hansford","year":"1987","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2005.086280","article-title":"Mitochondrial Redox State and Ca2+ Sparks in Permeabilized Mammalian Skeletal Muscle","volume":"565","author":"Isaeva","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2002.036129","article-title":"Metabolic Regulation of Ca2+ Release in Permeabilized Mammalian Skeletal Muscle Fibres","volume":"547","author":"Isaevaand","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-199401000-00009","article-title":"Role of Calcium in Respiratory Control","volume":"26","author":"Hansford","year":"1994","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018603032590","article-title":"Inhibition of Mitochondrial Calcium Uptake Slows down Relaxation in Mitochondria-Rich Skeletal Muscles","volume":"18","author":"Gillis","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Muscle Res. Cell Motil."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35358","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.6139","article-title":"Age-Dependent Uncoupling of Mitochondria from Ca2+ Release Units in Skeletal Muscle","volume":"6","author":"Pietrangelo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2018.12.017","article-title":"Muscle Activity Prevents the Uncoupling of Mitochondria from Ca2+ Release Units Induced by Ageing and Disuse","volume":"663","author":"Pietrangelo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-2728(00)00254-1","article-title":"The Rapid Mode of Calcium Uptake into Heart Mitochondria (RaM): Comparison to RaM in Liver Mitochondria","volume":"1504","author":"Buntinas","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta (BBA)\u2014Bioenerg."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21482","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M101486200","article-title":"Identification of a Ryanodine Receptor in Rat Heart Mitochondria","volume":"276","author":"Beutner","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00762732","article-title":"Transport of Calcium by Mitochondria","volume":"26","author":"Gunter","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Bioenerg. Biomembr."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10230","article-title":"A Forty-Kilodalton Protein of the Inner Membrane Is the Mitochondrial Calcium Uniporter","volume":"476","author":"Raffaello","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10234","article-title":"Integrative Genomics Identifies MCU as an Essential Component of the Mitochondrial Calcium Uniporter","volume":"476","author":"Baughman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1464","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb2868","article-title":"The Physiological Role of Mitochondrial Calcium Revealed by Mice Lacking the Mitochondrial Calcium Uniporter","volume":"15","author":"Pan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1985.59.1.137","article-title":"Calcium Uptake in Mitochondria from Different Skeletal Muscle Types","volume":"59","author":"Sembrowich","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1002\/biof.5520080309","article-title":"Electron Microscopic Tomography of Rat-liver Mitochondria and Their Interactions with the Endoplasmic Reticulum","volume":"8","author":"Mannella","year":"1998","journal-title":"BioFactors"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200604016","article-title":"Structural and Functional Features and Significance of the Physical Linkage Between ER and Mitochondria","volume":"174","author":"Renken","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005520714221","article-title":"Transport of Ca2+ from Sarcoplasmic Reticulum to Mitochondria in Rat Ventricular Myocytes","volume":"32","author":"Sharma","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Bioenergetics Biomembr."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00217168","article-title":"Scanning Electron-Microscopic Studies on the Three-Dimensional Structure of Mitochondria in the Mammalian Red, White and Intermediate Muscle Fibers","volume":"241","author":"Ogata","year":"1985","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceca.2014.11.002","article-title":"Role of Mitofusin-2 in Mitochondrial Localization and Calcium Uptake in Skeletal Muscle","volume":"57","author":"Ainbinder","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Calcium"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ph.56.030194.002335","article-title":"Control of Calcium Release in Functioning Skeletal Muscle Fibers","volume":"56","author":"Schneider","year":"1994","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Protasi, F. (2002). Structural Interaction between RYRs and DHPRs in Calcium Release Units of Cardiac and Skeletal Muscle Cells. Front. Biosci., 7.","DOI":"10.2741\/protasi"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ph.53.030191.000245","article-title":"Excitation-Contraction Coupling and the Mechanism of Muscle Contraction","volume":"53","author":"Ebashi","year":"1991","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceca.2004.01.004","article-title":"Two Centuries of Excitation\u2013Contraction Coupling","volume":"35","author":"Wray","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cell Calcium"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C134","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00050.2017","article-title":"Sarcomere Mechanics in Striated Muscles: From Molecules to Sarcomeres to Cells","volume":"313","author":"Rassier","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Herzog, W. (2022). What Can We Learn from Single Sarcomere and Myofibril Preparations?. Front. Physiol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2022.837611"},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.1030290103","article-title":"The Action of Various Cations on Muscle Protoplasm","volume":"29","author":"Heilbrunn","year":"1947","journal-title":"J. Cell Comp. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_84","first-page":"55P","article-title":"The Staircase Phenomenon in the Frog\u2019s Ventricle and the Action of Calcium","volume":"128","author":"Niedergerke","year":"1955","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_85","first-page":"518","article-title":"The Calcium Pump of the \u201cRelaxing Granules\u201d of Muscle and Its Dependence on ATP-Splitting","volume":"333","author":"Hasselbach","year":"1961","journal-title":"Biochem. Z."},{"key":"ref_86","first-page":"909","article-title":"Relaxation and the sarcotubular calcium pump","volume":"23","author":"Hasselbach","year":"1964","journal-title":"Fed. Proc."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ph.45.030183.001545","article-title":"Energetics and Electrogenicity of the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium Pump","volume":"45","author":"Hasselbach","year":"1983","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1038\/242244a0","article-title":"Voltage Dependent Charge Movement in Skeletal Muscle: A Possible Step in Excitation\u2013Contraction Coupling","volume":"242","author":"Schneider","year":"1973","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1991.71.3.849","article-title":"Voltage Sensor of Excitation-Contraction Coupling in Skeletal Muscle","volume":"71","author":"Pizarro","year":"1991","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01774031","article-title":"The Mechanical Hypothesis of Excitation\u2014Contraction (EC) Coupling in Skeletal Muscle","volume":"12","author":"Ma","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Muscle Res. Cell Motil."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1085\/jgp.102.3.449","article-title":"An Allosteric Model of the Molecular Interactions of Excitation-Contraction Coupling in Skeletal Muscle","volume":"102","author":"Karhanek","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Gen. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1176","DOI":"10.1126\/science.146.3648.1176","article-title":"Heart Action Potential: Dependence on External Calcium and Sodium Ions","volume":"146","author":"Orkand","year":"1964","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2543067","article-title":"Regulation of Calcium Release Is Gated by Calcium Current, Not Gating Charge, in Cardiac Myocytes","volume":"244","author":"Callewaert","year":"1989","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C1","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.1983.245.1.C1","article-title":"Calcium-Induced Release of Calcium from the Cardiac Sarcoplasmic Reticulum","volume":"245","author":"Fabiato","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol.-Cell Physiol."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1085\/jgp.85.2.291","article-title":"Simulated Calcium Current Can Both Cause Calcium Loading in and Trigger Calcium Release from the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum of a Skinned Canine Cardiac Purkinje Cell","volume":"85","author":"Fabiato","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Gen. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7754384","article-title":"The Control of Calcium Release in Heart Muscle","volume":"268","author":"Cannell","year":"1995","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.1999.117aa.x","article-title":"Relationship between L-type Ca2+ Current and Unitary Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Ca2+ Release Events in Rat Ventricular Myocytes","volume":"516","author":"Collier","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1085\/jgp.115.5.653","article-title":"Calcium-Induced Calcium Release in Smooth Muscle","volume":"115","author":"Collier","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Gen. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1038\/415198a","article-title":"Cardiac Excitation\u2013Contraction Coupling","volume":"415","author":"Bers","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1038\/325717a0","article-title":"Involvement of Dihydropyridine Receptors in Excitation\u2013Contraction Coupling in Skeletal Muscle","volume":"325","author":"Rios","year":"1987","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1038\/340230a0","article-title":"Primary Structure and Functional Expression of the Cardiac Dihydropyridine-Sensitive Calcium Channel","volume":"340","author":"Mikami","year":"1989","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1038\/328313a0","article-title":"Primary Structure of the Receptor for Calcium Channel Blockers from Skeletal Muscle","volume":"328","author":"Tanabe","year":"1987","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1038\/346567a0","article-title":"Regions of the Skeletal Muscle Dihydropyridine Receptor Critical for Excitation\u2013Contraction Coupling","volume":"346","author":"Tanabe","year":"1990","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1038\/336134a0","article-title":"Restoration of Excitation\u2014Contraction Coupling and Slow Calcium Current in Dysgenic Muscle by Dihydropyridine Receptor Complementary DNA","volume":"336","author":"Tanabe","year":"1988","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-6147(93)90072-R","article-title":"Ryanodine Receptors: How Many, Where and Why?","volume":"14","author":"Sorrentino","year":"1993","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1002\/med.2610150405","article-title":"Molecular Structure and Tissue Distribution of Ryanodine Receptors Calcium Channels","volume":"15","author":"Giannini","year":"1995","journal-title":"Med. Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/S1054-3589(08)60666-3","article-title":"The Ryanodine Receptor Family of Intracellular Calcium Release Channels","volume":"33","author":"Sorrentino","year":"1995","journal-title":"Adv. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2244","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)39968-5","article-title":"Molecular Cloning of CDNA Encoding Human and Rabbit Forms of the Ca2+ Release Channel (Ryanodine Receptor) of Skeletal Muscle Sarcoplasmic Reticulum","volume":"265","author":"Zorzato","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1038\/339439a0","article-title":"Primary Structure and Expression from Complementary DNA of Skeletal Muscle Ryanodine Receptor","volume":"339","author":"Takeshima","year":"1989","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13403","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.22.13403","article-title":"Two Regions of the Ryanodine Receptor Involved in Coupling Withl-Type Ca2+ Channels","volume":"273","author":"Nakai","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2587","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.107.6.2587","article-title":"Structural Evidence for Direct Interaction between the Molecular Components of the Transverse Tubule\/Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Junction in Skeletal Muscle","volume":"107","author":"Block","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.137.4.859","article-title":"Coordinated Incorporation of Skeletal Muscle Dihydropyridine Receptors and Ryanodine Receptors in Peripheral Couplings of BC3H1 Cells","volume":"137","author":"Protasi","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.140.4.831","article-title":"Role of Ryanodine Receptors in the Assembly of Calcium Release Units in Skeletal Muscle","volume":"140","author":"Protasi","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2494","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(00)76491-5","article-title":"RYR1 and RYR3 Have Different Roles in the Assembly of Calcium Release Units of Skeletal Muscle","volume":"79","author":"Protasi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biophys. J."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3230","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(02)75325-3","article-title":"Multiple Regions of RyR1 Mediate Functional and Structural Interactions with A1S-Dihydropyridine Receptors in Skeletal Muscle","volume":"83","author":"Protasi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biophys. J."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.3.1019","article-title":"Functional Nonequality of the Cardiac and Skeletal\u2009Ryanodine\u2009Receptors","volume":"94","author":"Nakai","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5408","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.e04-05-0414","article-title":"Differential Contribution of Skeletal and Cardiac II-III Loop Sequences to the Assembly of Dihydropyridine-Receptor Arrays in Skeletal Muscle","volume":"15","author":"Takekura","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Cell"},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.68.6.1231","article-title":"Isolation of a Calcium-Sequestering Protein from Sarcoplasmic Reticulum","volume":"68","author":"MacLennan","year":"1971","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(83)96049-4","article-title":"[45] Biosynthesis of Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Proteins","volume":"96","author":"MacLennan","year":"1983","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9281","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00491a025","article-title":"Isolation of a Terminal Cisterna Protein Which May Link the Dihydropyridine Receptor to the Junctional Foot Protein in Skeletal Muscle","volume":"29","author":"Kim","year":"1990","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7507","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00244a020","article-title":"Localization and Partial Characterization of the Oligomeric Disulfide-Linked Molecular Weight 95,000 Protein (Triadin) Which Binds the Ryanodine and Dihydropyridine Receptors in Skeletal Muscle Triadic Vesicles","volume":"30","author":"Caswell","year":"1991","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9027","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.270.16.9027","article-title":"Association of Triadin with the Ryanodine Receptor and Calsequestrin in the Lumen of the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum","volume":"270","author":"Guo","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23389","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.37.23389","article-title":"Complex Formation between Junctin, Triadin, Calsequestrin, and the Ryanodine Receptor","volume":"272","author":"Zhang","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3310317","article-title":"Mitsugumin29, a Novel Synaptophysin Family Member from the Triad Junction in Skeletal Muscle","volume":"331","author":"Takeshima","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3510537","article-title":"Identification of a Novel 45 KDa Protein (JP-45) from Rabbit Sarcoplasmic-Reticulum Junctional-Face Membrane","volume":"351","author":"Zorzato","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"ref_126","first-page":"11","article-title":"Junctophilins A Novel Family of Junctional Membrane Complex Proteins","volume":"6","author":"Takeshima","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3069","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2009.175083","article-title":"Calsequestrin, Triadin and More: The Molecules That Modulate Calcium Release in Cardiac and Skeletal Muscle","volume":"587","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.12.001","article-title":"Skeletal Muscle Excitation\u2013Contraction Coupling: Who Are the Dancing Partners?","volume":"48","author":"Rebbeck","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.22.3.675","article-title":"Sarcolemmal Invaginations Constituting the T System in Fish Muscle Fibers","volume":"22","author":"Porter","year":"1964","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_130","first-page":"S266","article-title":"The Sarcoplasmic Reticulum and the Control of Muscle Contraction","volume":"13","year":"1999","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2004.07.035","article-title":"The Relative Position of RyR Feet and DHPR Tetrads in Skeletal Muscle","volume":"342","author":"Paolini","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6764","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00442a033","article-title":"Postulated Role of Calsequestrin in the Regulation of Calcium Release from Sarcoplasmic Reticulum","volume":"28","author":"Ikemoto","year":"1989","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.105.1.49","article-title":"The Structure of Calsequestrin in Triads of Vertebrate Skeletal Muscle: A Deep-Etch Study","volume":"105","author":"Kenney","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-011-9211-y","article-title":"Sequential Stages in the Age-Dependent Gradual Formation and Accumulation of Tubular Aggregates in Fast Twitch Muscle Fibers: SERCA and Calsequestrin Involvement","volume":"34","author":"Boncompagni","year":"2012","journal-title":"Age"},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36994","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M506441200","article-title":"Ryanodine Receptor Type 1 (RyR1) Mutations C4958S and C4961S Reveal Excitation-Coupled Calcium Entry (ECCE) Is Independent of Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Store Depletion","volume":"280","author":"Hurne","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1085\/jgp.200810105","article-title":"The Skeletal L-Type Ca2+ Current Is a Major Contributor to Excitation-Coupled Ca2+ Entry","volume":"133","author":"Bannister","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Gen. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.107.043299","article-title":"Enhanced Excitation-Coupled Calcium Entry in Myotubes Expressing Malignant Hyperthermia Mutation R163C Is Attenuated by Dantrolene","volume":"73","author":"Cherednichenko","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2015.02.110","article-title":"Store-Operated Calcium Entry: Mechanisms and Modulation","volume":"460","author":"Hogan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2736(86)90121-5","article-title":"Calcium Transport in Transverse Tubules Isolated from Rabbit Skeletal Muscle","volume":"854","author":"Hidalgo","year":"1986","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta (BBA)\u2014Biomembr."},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a029710","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a029710","article-title":"Molecular Basis for Exercise-Induced Fatigue: The Importance of Strictly Controlled Cellular Ca2+ Handling","volume":"8","author":"Cheng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Med."},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a004168","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a004168","article-title":"The Plasma Membrane Ca2+ ATPase and the Plasma Membrane Sodium Calcium Exchanger Cooperate in the Regulation of Cell Calcium","volume":"3","author":"Brini","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Biol."},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C940","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.1998.274.4.C940","article-title":"Evidence for Na+\/Ca2+ Exchange in Intact Single Skeletal Muscle Fibers from the Mouse","volume":"274","author":"Balnave","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol.-Cell Physiol."},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200502019","article-title":"STIM1, an Essential and Conserved Component of Store-Operated Ca2+ Channel Function","volume":"169","author":"Roos","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2005.05.055","article-title":"STIM Is a Ca2+ Sensor Essential for Ca2+-Store-Depletion-Triggered Ca2+ Influx","volume":"15","author":"Liou","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04702","article-title":"A Mutation in Orai1 Causes Immune Deficiency by Abrogating CRAC Channel Function","volume":"441","author":"Feske","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1220","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1127883","article-title":"CRACM1 Is a Plasma Membrane Protein Essential for Store-Operated Ca2+ Entry","volume":"312","author":"Vig","year":"2006","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05637","article-title":"The Molecular Choreography of a Store-Operated Calcium Channel","volume":"446","author":"Lewis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2183","DOI":"10.1159\/000445574","article-title":"Calsequestrin-1 Regulates Store-Operated Ca2+ Entry by Inhibiting STIM1 Aggregation","volume":"38","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell. Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11349","DOI":"10.1038\/srep11349","article-title":"Retrograde Regulation of STIM1-Orai1 Interaction and Store-Operated Ca2+ Entry by Calsequestrin","volume":"5","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3286","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M209045200","article-title":"A Retrograde Signal from Calsequestrin for the Regulation of Store-Operated Ca2+ Entry in Skeletal Muscle","volume":"278","author":"Shin","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9301","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0702866104","article-title":"Live-Cell Imaging Reveals Sequential Oligomerization and Local Plasma Membrane Targeting of Stromal Interaction Molecule 1 after Ca2+ Store Depletion","volume":"104","author":"Liou","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200604014","article-title":"Ca2+ Store Depletion Causes STIM1 to Accumulate in ER Regions Closely Associated with the Plasma Membrane","volume":"174","author":"Wu","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200604015","article-title":"The Elementary Unit of Store-Operated Ca2+ Entry: Local Activation of CRAC Channels by STIM1 at ER\u2013Plasma Membrane Junctions","volume":"174","author":"Luik","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9357","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0603161103","article-title":"Genome-Wide RNAi Screen of Ca2+ Influx Identifies Genes That Regulate Ca2+ Release-Activated Ca2+ Channel Activity","volume":"103","author":"Zhang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3672","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.e14-06-1107","article-title":"Single-Molecule Analysis of Diffusion and Trapping of STIM1 and Orai1 at Endoplasmic Reticulum\u2013Plasma Membrane Junctions","volume":"25","author":"Wu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Cell"},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07065","article-title":"Oligomerization of STIM1 Couples ER Calcium Depletion to CRAC Channel Activation","volume":"454","author":"Luik","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb1731","article-title":"STIM1 Signalling Controls Store-Operated Calcium Entry Required for Development and Contractile Function in Skeletal Muscle","volume":"10","author":"Stiber","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4815","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2008.160481","article-title":"Differential Dependence of Store-operated and Excitation-coupled Ca2+ Entry in Skeletal Muscle on STIM1 and Orai1","volume":"586","author":"Lyfenko","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4109","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201600621R","article-title":"Orai1 Enhances Muscle Endurance by Promoting Fatigue-resistant Type I Fiber Content but Not through Acute Store-operated Ca2+ Entry","volume":"30","author":"Carrell","year":"2016","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Avila-Medina, J., Mayoral-Gonzalez, I., Dominguez-Rodriguez, A., Gallardo-Castillo, I., Ribas, J., Ordo\u00f1ez, A., Rosado, J.A., and Smani, T. (2018). The Complex Role of Store Operated Calcium Entry Pathways and Related Proteins in the Function of Cardiac, Skeletal and Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Front. Physiol., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.00257"},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.23760","article-title":"Dynamic Regulation of Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Ca(2+) Stores by Stromal Interaction Molecule 1 and Sarcolipin during Muscle Differentiation","volume":"241","author":"Seth","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dev. Dyn."},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/2044-5040-1-16","article-title":"STIM1 as a Key Regulator for Ca2+ Homeostasis in Skeletal-Muscle Development and Function","volume":"1","author":"Kiviluoto","year":"2011","journal-title":"Skelet. Muscle"},{"key":"ref_163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2299","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2009.168682","article-title":"Rapid Ca2+ Flux through the Transverse Tubular Membrane, Activated by Individual Action Potentials in Mammalian Skeletal Muscle","volume":"587","author":"Launikonis","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceca.2010.04.001","article-title":"Ultra-Rapid Activation and Deactivation of Store-Operated Ca2+ Entry in Skeletal Muscle","volume":"47","author":"Edwards","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell Calcium"},{"key":"ref_165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5370","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M806726200","article-title":"STIM1- and Orai1-Dependent Store-Operated Calcium Entry Regulates Human Myoblast Differentiation","volume":"284","author":"Darbellay","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201012157","article-title":"STIM1L Is a New Actin-Binding Splice Variant Involved in Fast Repetitive Ca2+ Release","volume":"194","author":"Darbellay","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.02-0037rev","article-title":"2-Aminoethoxydiphenyl Borate (2-APB) Is a Reliable Blocker of Store-Operated Ca2+ Entry but an Inconsistent Inhibitor of InsP3-Induced Ca2+ Release","volume":"16","author":"Bootman","year":"2002","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12427","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M309297200","article-title":"Potent Inhibition of Ca2+ Release-Activated Ca2+ Channels and T-Lymphocyte Activation by the Pyrazole Derivative BTP2","volume":"279","author":"Zitt","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Girolami, B., Serano, M., Di Fonso, A., Paolini, C., Pietrangelo, L., and Protasi, F. (2023). Searching for Mechanisms Underlying the Assembly of Calcium Entry Units: The Role of Temperature and PH. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24065328"},{"key":"ref_170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm3414","article-title":"STIM Proteins: Dynamic Calcium Signal Transducers","volume":"13","author":"Soboloff","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44788","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.303081","article-title":"Hypoxia-Induced Acidosis Uncouples the STIM-Orai Calcium Signaling Complex","volume":"286","author":"Mancarella","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1007\/s10974-020-09586-3","article-title":"Calcium Entry Units (CEUs): Perspectives in Skeletal Muscle Function and Disease","volume":"42","author":"Protasi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Muscle Res. Cell Motil."},{"key":"ref_173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e202012679","DOI":"10.1085\/jgp.202012679","article-title":"ECC Meets CEU\u2014New Focus on the Backdoor for Calcium Ions in Skeletal Muscle Cells","volume":"152","author":"Melzer","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Gen. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2007.138024","article-title":"Reorganized Stores and Impaired Calcium Handling in Skeletal Muscle of Mice Lacking Calsequestrin-1","volume":"583","author":"Paolini","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3095","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2009.171967","article-title":"Calsequestrin-1: A New Candidate Gene for Malignant Hyperthermia and Exertional\/Environmental Heat Stroke","volume":"587","author":"Protasi","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1710","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.08-121335","article-title":"Anesthetic-and Heat-induced Sudden Death in Calsequestrin-1-knockout Mice","volume":"23","author":"Dainese","year":"2009","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22326","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1009168108","article-title":"Massive Alterations of Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Free Calcium in Skeletal Muscle Fibers Lacking Calsequestrin Revealed by a Genetically Encoded Probe","volume":"107","author":"Canato","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Murzilli, S., Serano, M., Pietrangelo, L., Protasi, F., and Paolini, C. (2023). Structural Adaptation of the Excitation\u2013Contraction Coupling Apparatus in Calsequestrin1-Null Mice during Postnatal Development. Biology, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/biology12081064"},{"key":"ref_179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4201","DOI":"10.4161\/cc.10.24.18645","article-title":"Aging, Sarcopenia and Store-Operated Calcium Entry","volume":"10","author":"Brotto","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell Cycle"},{"key":"ref_180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.100335","article-title":"Store-Operated Ca2+ Entry (SOCE) Contributes to Normal Skeletal Muscle Contractility in Young but Not in Aged Skeletal Muscle","volume":"3","author":"Thornton","year":"2011","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"ref_181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boncompagni, S., Pecorai, C., Michelucci, A., Pietrangelo, L., and Protasi, F. (2021). Long-Term Exercise Reduces Formation of Tubular Aggregates and Promotes Maintenance of Ca2+ Entry Units in Aged Muscle. Front. Physiol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2020.601057"},{"key":"ref_182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000000748","article-title":"Antioxidants Protect Calsequestrin-1 Knockout Mice from Halothane- and Heat-Induced Sudden Death","volume":"123","author":"Michelucci","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"ref_183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31786-6","article-title":"Frailty: Implications for Clinical Practice and Public Health","volume":"394","author":"Hoogendijk","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2636","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31138-9","article-title":"Sarcopenia","volume":"393","author":"Sayer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1579","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2007.12.021","article-title":"Quality of Life, Health and Physiological Status and Change at Older Ages","volume":"66","author":"Blane","year":"2008","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"key":"ref_186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1837","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1997.0169","article-title":"Ageing and Physiological Functions","volume":"352","author":"Young","year":"1997","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.1215","article-title":"Aging of the Human Neuromuscular System","volume":"25","author":"Vandervoort","year":"2002","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"ref_188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-097X.1983.tb00704.x","article-title":"The Ageing Muscle","volume":"3","author":"Grimby","year":"1983","journal-title":"Clin. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.14283\/jfa.2018.35","article-title":"Neuromuscular Changes with Aging and Sarcopenia","volume":"8","author":"Clark","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Frailty Aging"},{"key":"ref_190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2335","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1990.03440170057036","article-title":"The Aging of America. Impact on Health Care Costs","volume":"263","author":"Schneider","year":"1990","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2004.52014.x","article-title":"The Healthcare Costs of Sarcopenia in the United States","volume":"52","author":"Janssen","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"key":"ref_192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.14283\/jfa.2019.10","article-title":"Economic Impact of Hospitalizations in US Adults with Sarcopenia","volume":"8","author":"Goates","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Frailty Aging"},{"key":"ref_193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-009-0201-z","article-title":"Epidemiology and Consequences of Sarcopenia","volume":"13","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Health Aging"},{"key":"ref_194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/50A.Special_Issue.5","article-title":"What Is Sarcopenia?","volume":"50A","author":"Evans","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. Ser. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2020.101200","article-title":"Sarcopenia\u2014Molecular Mechanisms and Open Questions","volume":"65","author":"Wiedmer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/50.5.1231","article-title":"Summary Comments","volume":"50","author":"Rosenberg","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"M716","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/55.12.M716","article-title":"Sarcopenia: Current Concepts","volume":"55","author":"Roubenoff","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1007\/s13539-014-0156-8","article-title":"Sarcopenia: Describing Rather than Defining a Condition","volume":"5","author":"Alchin","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"ref_199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mitchell, W.K., Williams, J., Atherton, P., Larvin, M., Lund, J., and Narici, M. (2012). Sarcopenia, Dynapenia, and the Impact of Advancing Age on Human Skeletal Muscle Size and Strength; a Quantitative Review. Front. Physiol., 3.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2012.00260"},{"key":"ref_200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1998.tb09895.x","article-title":"Age-associated Changes in the Innervation of Muscle Fibers and Changes in the Mechanical Properties of Motor Units","volume":"854","author":"Luff","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref_201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.2000.t01-1-00203.x","article-title":"Oxidative Capacity and Ageing in Human Muscle","volume":"526","author":"Conley","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Damanti, S., Senini, E., De Lorenzo, R., Merolla, A., Santoro, S., Festorazzi, C., Messina, M., Vitali, G., Sciorati, C., and Manfredi, A.A. (2025). Molecular Constraints of Sarcopenia in the Ageing Muscle. Front. Aging, 6.","DOI":"10.3389\/fragi.2025.1588014"},{"key":"ref_203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4499","DOI":"10.1113\/JP271212","article-title":"The Ageing Neuromuscular System and Sarcopenia: A Mitochondrial Perspective","volume":"594","author":"Rygiel","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marzetti, E., Calvani, R., Coelho-J\u00fanior, H.J., Landi, F., and Picca, A. (2024). Mitochondrial Quantity and Quality in Age-Related Sarcopenia. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25042052"},{"key":"ref_205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2018.07.005","article-title":"The Age-Related Loss of Skeletal Muscle Mass and Function: Measurement and Physiology of Muscle Fibre Atrophy and Muscle Fibre Loss in Humans","volume":"47","author":"Wilkinson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12238","article-title":"Skeletal Muscle Performance and Ageing","volume":"9","author":"Tieland","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"ref_207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00235039","article-title":"Excitation-Calcium Release Uncoupling in Aged Single Human Skeletal Muscle Fibers","volume":"148","author":"Delbono","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Membr. Biol."},{"key":"ref_208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.2174\/1874609811104030248","article-title":"Expression and Regulation of Excitation-Contraction Coupling Proteins in Aging Skeletal Muscle","volume":"4","author":"Delbono","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr. Aging Sci."},{"key":"ref_209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1007\/s002329900233","article-title":"Dihydropyridine Receptor-Ryanodine Receptor Uncoupling in Aged Skeletal Muscle","volume":"157","author":"Renganathan","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Membr. Biol."},{"key":"ref_210","first-page":"141","article-title":"Excitation-Contraction Uncoupling and Sarcopenia","volume":"14","author":"Ryan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Basic. Appl. Myol."},{"key":"ref_211","first-page":"425","article-title":"Persistent Expression of the Alpha1S-Dihydropyridine Receptor in Aged Human Skeletal Muscle: Implications for the Excitation-Contraction Uncoupling Hypothesis of Sarcopenia","volume":"11","author":"Ryan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glu006","article-title":"Lifelong Physical Exercise Delays Age-Associated Skeletal Muscle Decline","volume":"70","author":"Zampieri","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/61.10.995","article-title":"Progressive Disorganization of the Excitation-Contraction Coupling Apparatus in Aging Human Skeletal Muscle as Revealed by Electron Microscopy: A Possible Role in the Decline of Muscle Performance","volume":"61","author":"Boncompagni","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vue, Z., Garza-Lopez, E., Neikirk, K., Katti, P., Vang, L., Beasley, H., Shao, J., Marshall, A.G., Crabtree, A., and Murphy, A.C. (2023). 3D Reconstruction of Murine Mitochondria Reveals Changes in Structure during Aging Linked to the MICOS Complex. Aging Cell, 22.","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.14009"},{"key":"ref_215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70054","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.70054","article-title":"3D Mitochondrial Structure in Aging Human Skeletal Muscle: Insights Into MFN-2-Mediated Changes","volume":"24","author":"Scudese","year":"2025","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"ref_216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.01.010","article-title":"Quantitative 3D Mapping of the Human Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial Network","volume":"26","author":"Vincent","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8235594","article-title":"Calcium Sparks: Elementary Events Underlying Excitation-Contraction Coupling in Heart Muscle","volume":"262","author":"Cheng","year":"1993","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00030.2007","article-title":"Calcium Sparks","volume":"88","author":"Cheng","year":"2008","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1723","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7569901","article-title":"Imaging Elementary Events of Calcium Release in Skeletal Muscle Cells","volume":"269","author":"Tsugorka","year":"1995","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R\u00edos, E. (2002). Ca2+ Release Flux Underlying Ca2+ Transients and Ca2+ Sparks in Skeletal Muscle. Front. Biosci., 7.","DOI":"10.2741\/r\u00edos"},{"key":"ref_221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1085\/jgp.108.5.455","article-title":"The Amplitude and Time Course of the Myoplasmic Free [Ca2+] Transient in Fast-Twitch Fibers of Mouse Muscle","volume":"108","author":"Hollingworth","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Gen. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_222","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2003.059154","article-title":"The Elementary Events of Ca2+ Release Elicited by Membrane Depolarization in Mammalian Muscle","volume":"557","author":"Csernoch","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1007\/s10974-009-9179-8","article-title":"Local Calcium Signals Induced by Hyper-Osmotic Stress in Mammalian Skeletal Muscle Cells","volume":"30","author":"Apostol","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Muscle Res. Cell Motil."},{"key":"ref_224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.880080406","article-title":"Tubular Aggregates: Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Origin, Calcium Storage Ability, and Functional Implications","volume":"8","author":"Salviati","year":"1985","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"ref_225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1985.04060090055014","article-title":"Tubular Aggregates","volume":"42","author":"Rosenberg","year":"1985","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.880080405","article-title":"Familial Neuromuscular Disease with Tubular Aggregates","volume":"8","author":"Armani","year":"1985","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"ref_227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1097\/00019052-199810000-00005","article-title":"Tubular Aggregates in Skeletal Muscle: Their Functional Significance and Mechanisms of Pathogenesis","volume":"11","year":"1998","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5320(70)90166-8","article-title":"Tubular Aggregates in Type II Muscle Fibers: Ultrastructural and Histochemical Correlation","volume":"31","author":"Engel","year":"1970","journal-title":"J. Ultrastruct. Res."},{"key":"ref_229","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00313545","article-title":"Familial Myopathy with Tubular Aggregates","volume":"227","author":"Groot","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmd.2015.04.005","article-title":"50 Years to Diagnosis: Autosomal Dominant Tubular Aggregate Myopathy Caused by a Novel STIM1 Mutation","volume":"25","author":"Walter","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuromuscul. Disord."},{"key":"ref_231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e50","DOI":"10.1212\/NXG.0000000000000050","article-title":"Tubular Aggregate Myopathy Caused by a Novel Mutation in the Cytoplasmic Domain of STIM1","volume":"2","author":"Okuma","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurol. Genet."},{"key":"ref_232","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4197","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1312520111","article-title":"Activating Mutations in STIM1 and ORAI1 Cause Overlapping Syndromes of Tubular Myopathy and Congenital Miosis","volume":"111","author":"Nesin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddu477","article-title":"Dominant Mutations in ORAI1 Cause Tubular Aggregate Myopathy with Hypocalcemia via Constitutive Activation of Store-Operated Ca2+ Channels","volume":"24","author":"Endo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"ref_234","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2012.12.007","article-title":"Constitutive Activation of the Calcium Sensor STIM1 Causes Tubular-Aggregate Myopathy","volume":"92","author":"Chevessier","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Human. Genet."},{"key":"ref_235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1002\/humu.23172","article-title":"ORAI1 Mutations with Distinct Channel Gating Defects in Tubular Aggregate Myopathy","volume":"38","author":"Bulla","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hum. Mutat."},{"key":"ref_236","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1761","DOI":"10.1002\/humu.23338","article-title":"Identification and Characterization of Three Novel Mutations in the CASQ1 Gene in Four Patients with Tubular Aggregate Myopathy","volume":"38","author":"Barone","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hum. Mutat."},{"key":"ref_237","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmd.2003.11.007","article-title":"Tubular Aggregates Are from Whole Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Origin: Alterations in Calcium Binding Protein Expression in Mouse Skeletal Muscle during Aging","volume":"14","author":"Chevessier","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuromuscul. Disord."},{"key":"ref_238","first-page":"223","article-title":"Tubular Aggregates Induced by Anoxia in Isolated Rat Skeletal Muscle","volume":"37","author":"Schiaffino","year":"1977","journal-title":"Lab. Investig."},{"key":"ref_239","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1474-9726.2008.00408.x","article-title":"Compromised Store-operated Ca2+ Entry in Aged Skeletal Muscle","volume":"7","author":"Zhao","year":"2008","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"ref_240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guo, X., Zhou, Y., Li, X., and Mu, J. (2025). Resistance Exercise Training Improves Disuse-Induced Skeletal Muscle Atrophy in Humans: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. BMC Musculoskelet. Disord., 26.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-025-08384-7"},{"key":"ref_241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2017.09.018","article-title":"Randomized, Four-Arm, Dose-Response Clinical Trial to Optimize Resistance Exercise Training for Older Adults with Age-Related Muscle Atrophy","volume":"99","author":"Stec","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exp. Gerontol."},{"key":"ref_242","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2024.07.026","article-title":"Molecular Aspects of the Exercise Response and Training Adaptation in Skeletal Muscle","volume":"223","author":"Furrer","year":"2024","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_243","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1002\/tsm2.70","article-title":"Moderate-Intensity Aerobic Exercise Improves Skeletal Muscle Quality in Older Adults","volume":"2","author":"Brightwell","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transl. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_244","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R1452","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00354.2009","article-title":"Aerobic Exercise Training Improves Whole Muscle and Single Myofiber Size and Function in Older Women","volume":"297","author":"Harber","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb1101-1014","article-title":"Akt\/MTOR Pathway Is a Crucial Regulator of Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy and Can Prevent Muscle Atrophy in Vivo","volume":"3","author":"Bodine","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_246","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12017","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0705070104","article-title":"AMP-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) Action in Skeletal Muscle via Direct Phosphorylation of PGC-1\u03b1","volume":"104","author":"Handschin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_247","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1139\/H09-023","article-title":"Molecular Responses to Strength and Endurance Training: Are They Incompatible?","volume":"34","author":"Hawley","year":"2009","journal-title":"Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab."},{"key":"ref_248","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2016.02.007","article-title":"Exercise-Induced Skeletal Muscle Signaling Pathways and Human Athletic Performance","volume":"98","author":"Camera","year":"2016","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_249","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2189","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2021.1924978","article-title":"Moderators of Strength Gains and Hypertrophy in Resistance Training: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"39","author":"Polito","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Sports Sci."},{"key":"ref_250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00723.2019","article-title":"Resistance Exercise Training Promotes Fiber Type-Specific Myonuclear Adaptations in Older Adults","volume":"128","author":"Moro","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_251","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00170.2020","article-title":"Improvements in Skeletal Muscle Fiber Size with Resistance Training Are Age-Dependent in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"129","author":"Straight","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_252","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21154","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-72088-6","article-title":"Endurance Exercise-Induced Histone Methylation Modification Involved in Skeletal Muscle Fiber Type Transition and Mitochondrial Biogenesis","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_253","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/gln050","article-title":"Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy Following Resistance Training Is Accompanied by a Fiber Type-Specific Increase in Satellite Cell Content in Elderly Men","volume":"64","author":"Verdijk","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_254","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13005","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.13005","article-title":"Physical Exercise in Aging Human Skeletal Muscle Increases Mitochondrial Calcium Uniporter Expression Levels and Affects Mitochondria Dynamics","volume":"4","author":"Zampieri","year":"2016","journal-title":"Physiol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1097\/NEN.0000000000000032","article-title":"Long-Term High-Level Exercise Promotes Muscle Reinnervation With Age","volume":"73","author":"Mosole","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_256","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00033.2014","article-title":"Mechanisms Regulating Neuromuscular Junction Development and Function and Causes of Muscle Wasting","volume":"95","author":"Tintignac","year":"2015","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_257","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2010.08.029","article-title":"Age-Associated Alterations of the Neuromuscular Junction","volume":"46","author":"Jang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Exp. Gerontol."},{"key":"ref_258","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4294","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.12253","article-title":"Mechanisms Regulating Skeletal Muscle Growth and Atrophy","volume":"280","author":"Schiaffino","year":"2013","journal-title":"FEBS J."},{"key":"ref_259","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Iyer, S.R., Shah, S.B., and Lovering, R.M. (2021). The Neuromuscular Junction: Roles in Aging and Neuromuscular Disease. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22158058"},{"key":"ref_260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4598(199706)20:6<679::AID-MUS4>3.0.CO;2-5","article-title":"Age-Related Changes in Motor Unit Function","volume":"20","author":"Roos","year":"1997","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"ref_261","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1993.74.2.868","article-title":"Effects of Motor Unit Losses on Strength in Older Men and Women","volume":"74","author":"Doherty","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_262","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-201x.1998.00375.x","article-title":"The Age-related Motor Disability: Underlying Mechanisms in Skeletal Muscle at the Motor Unit, Cellular and Molecular Level","volume":"163","author":"Larsson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Acta Physiol. Scand."},{"key":"ref_263","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0838.2009.01084.x","article-title":"Role of the Nervous System in Sarcopenia and Muscle Atrophy with Aging: Strength Training as a Countermeasure","volume":"20","author":"Aagaard","year":"2010","journal-title":"Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sports"},{"key":"ref_264","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/127.5.1011S","article-title":"Evidence for Nervous System Degeneration with Advancing Age","volume":"127","author":"Lexell","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chai, R.J., Vukovic, J., Dunlop, S., Grounds, M.D., and Shavlakadze, T. (2011). Striking Denervation of Neuromuscular Junctions without Lumbar Motoneuron Loss in Geriatric Mouse Muscle. PLoS ONE, 6.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0028090"},{"key":"ref_266","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.17.2.327","article-title":"An Electron Microscope Study of Denervation Atrophy in Red and White Skeletal Muscle Fibers","volume":"17","author":"Pellegrino","year":"1963","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_267","unstructured":"Engel, A.G., and Franzini-Armstrong, C. (2004). Myology, McGraw Hill Medical. [3rd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_268","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3293","DOI":"10.4081\/bam.2014.1.5","article-title":"The Biology of Long-Term Denervated Skeletal Muscle","volume":"24","author":"Carlson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Transl. Myol."},{"key":"ref_269","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.4081\/ejtm.2015.5272","article-title":"Biology of Muscle Atrophy and of Its Recovery by FES in Aging and Mobility Impairments: Roots and by-Products","volume":"25","author":"Carraro","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Transl. Myol."},{"key":"ref_270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101810","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2022.101810","article-title":"V Loss of Neuromuscular Junction Integrity and Muscle Atrophy in Skeletal Muscle Disuse","volume":"83","author":"Sirago","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_271","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00123356","article-title":"Morphological Changes in the Triads and Sarcoplasmic Reticulum of Rat Slow and Fast Muscle Fibres Following Denervation and Immobilization","volume":"17","author":"Takekura","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Muscle Res. Cell Motil."},{"key":"ref_272","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1594.2005.29035.x","article-title":"Electrical Stimulation of Denervated Muscles: First Results of a Clinical Study","volume":"29","author":"Forstner","year":"2005","journal-title":"Artif. Organs"},{"key":"ref_273","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1007\/s10974-007-9119-4","article-title":"Effects of Chronic Electrical Stimulation on Long-Term Denervated Muscles of the Rabbit Hind Limb","volume":"28","author":"Ashley","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Muscle Res. Cell Motil."},{"key":"ref_274","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C440","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00085.2006","article-title":"Atrophy, but Not Necrosis, in Rabbit Skeletal Muscle Denervated for Periods up to One Year","volume":"292","author":"Ashley","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol.-Cell Physiol."},{"key":"ref_275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1256","DOI":"10.1097\/NEN.0b013e3181c18416","article-title":"A Subpopulation of Rat Muscle Fibers Maintains an Assessable Excitation-Contraction Coupling Mechanism After Long-Standing Denervation Despite Lost Contractility","volume":"68","author":"Squecco","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_276","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/63.9.919","article-title":"Long-Term Denervation in Humans Causes Degeneration of Both Contractile and Excitation-Contraction Coupling Apparatus, Which Is Reversible by Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES): A Role for Myofiber Regeneration?","volume":"63","author":"Kern","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_277","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19339","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0709061104","article-title":"Structural Differentiation of Skeletal Muscle Fibers in the Absence of Innervation in Humans","volume":"104","author":"Boncompagni","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_278","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1179\/174313209X385644","article-title":"One Year of Home-Based Daily FES in Complete Lower Motor Neuron Paraplegia: Recovery of Tetanic Contractility Drives the Structural Improvements of Denervated Muscle","volume":"32","author":"Kern","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurol. Res."},{"key":"ref_279","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.1993.1292","article-title":"Development of the Excitation-Contraction Coupling Apparatus in Skeletal Muscle: Association of Sarcoplasmic Reticulum and Transverse Tubules with Myofibrils","volume":"160","author":"Flucher","year":"1993","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_280","first-page":"78","article-title":"Mimicking disuse and rehabilitation in a mouse model","volume":"33","author":"Pietrangelo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. J. Transl. Myol."},{"key":"ref_281","first-page":"201","article-title":"Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation for Skeletal Muscle Function","volume":"85","author":"Doucet","year":"2012","journal-title":"Yale J. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_282","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2021.07.025","article-title":"Effects of Functional Electrical Stimulation on Muscle Health after Spinal Cord Injury","volume":"60","author":"Atkins","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_283","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/s10195-021-00623-6","article-title":"The Role of Electrical Stimulation for Rehabilitation and Regeneration after Spinal Cord Injury","volume":"23","author":"Karamian","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Traumatol."},{"key":"ref_284","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kern, H., Barberi, L., L\u00f6fler, S., Sbardella, S., Burggraf, S., Fruhmann, H., Carraro, U., Mosole, S., Sarabon, N., and Vogelauer, M. (2014). Electrical Stimulation Counteracts Muscle Decline in Seniors. Front. Aging Neurosci., 6.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2014.00189"},{"key":"ref_285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Iodice, P., Boncompagni, S., Pietrangelo, L., Galli, L., Pierantozzi, E., Rossi, D., Fusella, A., Caulo, M., Kern, H., and Sorrentino, V. (2019). Functional Electrical Stimulation: A Possible Strategy to Improve Muscle Function in Central Core Disease?. Front. Neurol., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.00479"},{"key":"ref_286","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4832","DOI":"10.4081\/bam.2015.2.77","article-title":"Persistent Muscle Fiber Regeneration in Long Term Denervation. Past, Present, Future","volume":"25","author":"Carraro","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Transl. Myol."},{"key":"ref_287","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1179\/174313208X281145","article-title":"Atrophy-resistant fibers in permanent peripheral denervation of human skeletal muscle","volume":"30","author":"Biral","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurol. Res."},{"key":"ref_288","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mo, Y., Zhou, Y., Chan, H., Evans, C., and Maddocks, M. (2023). The Association between Sedentary Behaviour and Sarcopenia in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. BMC Geriatr., 23.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-023-04489-7"},{"key":"ref_289","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H\u00e4m\u00e4l\u00e4inen, O., Tirkkonen, A., Savikangas, T., Al\u00e9n, M., Sipil\u00e4, S., and Hautala, A. (2024). Low Physical Activity Is a Risk Factor for Sarcopenia: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Two Exercise Trials on Community-Dwelling Older Adults. BMC Geriatr., 24.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-024-04764-1"},{"key":"ref_290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1007\/s12126-025-09590-3","article-title":"Physical Activity Reduces the Incidence of Sarcopenia in Middle-Aged Adults","volume":"50","author":"Luo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ageing Int."},{"key":"ref_291","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2393","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.30033","article-title":"Myokines Mediate the Cross Talk between Skeletal Muscle and Other Organs","volume":"236","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Cell Physiol."},{"key":"ref_292","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13367","DOI":"10.1111\/apha.13367","article-title":"Myokines in Skeletal Muscle Physiology and Metabolism: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives","volume":"228","author":"Das","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Physiol."},{"key":"ref_293","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1210\/endrev\/bnaa016","article-title":"Muscle-Organ Crosstalk: The Emerging Roles of Myokines","volume":"41","author":"Severinsen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"ref_294","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4773","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-24956-2","article-title":"Impact of Aging and Exercise on Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial Capacity, Energy Metabolism, and Physical Function","volume":"12","author":"Grevendonk","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5618","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0501559102","article-title":"Decline in Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial Function with Aging in Humans","volume":"102","author":"Short","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_296","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1852","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-3983","article-title":"Skeletal Muscle Mitochondria in the Elderly: Effects of Physical Fitness and Exercise Training","volume":"99","author":"Broskey","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."}],"container-title":["Cells"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4409\/15\/3\/248\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T17:12:58Z","timestamp":1769533978000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4409\/15\/3\/248"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]]},"references-count":296,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["cells15030248"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells15030248","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]]}}}