{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:37:51Z","timestamp":1787027871558,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770163200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2025YFC3508601"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025YFC3508601"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82505368"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82505368"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"China National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents","award":["BX20240048"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BX20240048"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2025M773871"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025M773871"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Severe respiratory inflammation or viral infections can lead to acute lung injury (ALI), a disease characterized by diffuse inflammatory injury of the pulmonary epithelium and endothelium. Cepharanthine (CEP) is reported as a promising drug candidate due to its antiviral properties. However, CEP exhibits poor solubility and low bioavailability. Therefore, we developed a novel liposome, named CEP@LP-MCCR2, which integrates the advantages of cell membranes and lipid materials, to achieve effective accumulation of CEP in inflamed lungs. It exhibits a 1.73-fold increase in lung accumulation at 24 h in vivo, a 4.56-fold increase in cellular uptake in MLE-12 cells. CEP@LP-MCCR2 is equipped with a CCR2-overexpressed surface, enabling it to selectively neutralize elevated levels of CCL2, which is related to ALI, thereby reducing macrophage infiltration, thereby reducing the spread of inflammation, such as a reduction in levels of key pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-\u03b1, IL-1\u03b2, and IL-6). CEP@LP-MCCR2 could suppress M1 macrophage polarization, which led to a marked decrease in iNOS and an increase in Arg1. It upregulated the expression of junctional proteins E-cadherin and Occludin, indicating potential recovery of the pulmonary epithelial barrier. RNA sequencing analysis implied the potential of CEP@LP-MCCR2 to inactivate the TNF\/NF-\u03baB signaling axis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells15030292","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T12:51:56Z","timestamp":1770209516000},"page":"292","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Engineered CCR2 Cell Membrane-Wrapped Cepharanthine Liposomes for Potential Targeted Attenuation of Acute Lung Injury"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Yifan","family":"Qing","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China"},{"name":"Institute of Herbgenomics, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenbo","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Herbgenomics, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China"},{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liangliang","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China"},{"name":"Institute of Herbgenomics, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Herbgenomics, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuhao","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiang","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Herbgenomics, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China"},{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China"},{"name":"Institute of Herbgenomics, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linxuan","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Mo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Herbgenomics, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guoqing","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Herbgenomics, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5811-0224","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zenghao","family":"Bi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Herbgenomics, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China"},{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9898-1369","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suleixin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Herbgenomics, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China"},{"name":"Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Woo Tiam","family":"Hee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"M. Kandiah Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang 43000, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Herbgenomics, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China"},{"name":"Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9629-6808","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liang","family":"Leng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China"},{"name":"Institute of Herbgenomics, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-019-0069-0","article-title":"Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome","volume":"5","author":"Matthay","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. 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