{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T17:23:11Z","timestamp":1793035391251,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":143,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770163200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia in the elderly. Among the diverse pathological features of AD, amyloid beta (A\u03b2) aggregation and neuroinflammation are recognized as central and interlinked mechanisms driving disease progression. This review focuses specifically on these two processes and highlights current pharmacological limitations in modifying disease pathology. Natural products such as curcumin, resveratrol, Ginkgo biloba, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), crocin, ashwagandha, and cannabidiol (CBD) have shown promising activity in modulating A\u03b2 aggregation and neuroinflammatory pathways, offering multi-target neuroprotective effects in preclinical studies. However, their therapeutic application remains hindered by poor solubility, instability, rapid metabolism, and limited blood\u2013brain barrier (BBB) permeability. To overcome these barriers, nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems\u2014including polymeric nanoparticles, niosomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, and chitosan-based carriers\u2014have emerged as effective strategies to enhance brain targeting, bioavailability, and pharmacological efficacy. We summarize the mechanistic insights and nanomedicine approaches related to these bioactives and discuss their potential in developing future disease-modifying therapies. By focusing on A\u03b2 aggregation and neuroinflammation, this review provides a targeted perspective on the evolving role of natural compounds and nanocarriers in AD treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells15030295","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T12:51:56Z","timestamp":1770209516000},"page":"295","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Targeting Amyloid Beta Aggregation and Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease: Advances and Future Directions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1387-3532","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ioanna","family":"Dagla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioanalytical Laboratory, GAIA Research Center, The National Natural History Museum Goulandris, 145 62, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faidon","family":"Gkikas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioanalytical Laboratory, GAIA Research Center, The National Natural History Museum Goulandris, 145 62, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0107-9991","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evagelos","family":"Gikas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 71 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6843-5575","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anthony","family":"Tsarbopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioanalytical Laboratory, GAIA Research Center, The National Natural History Museum Goulandris, 145 62, Athens, Greece"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2015.07.003","article-title":"Protein Aggregation and Neurodegeneration in Prototypical Neurodegenerative Diseases: Examples of Amyloidopathies, Tauopathies and Synucleinopathies","volume":"155","author":"Bourdenx","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prog. 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