{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T18:51:23Z","timestamp":1790103083564,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":128,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771372800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), formerly known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is becoming the most common liver disease, affecting between 30 and 40% of the global population. MASLD is a multifaceted disease spectrum that is closely associated with obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus and, more broadly, metabolic syndrome. All these conditions increase the risk of liver-related mortality, which explains the intense research efforts in recent years to better elucidate its pathogenesis. The crucial impact of environmental pollutants on the development of MASLD is now well recognized. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are environmental contaminants that act as endocrine disruptors. Recently, they have been associated with the development of diabetes, obesity, MASLD, and cancer. The association between liver diseases, namely toxicant-associated steatotic liver disease and steatohepatitis (TASLD and TASH, respectively), and occupational exposure to PCBs and other industrial chemicals has been documented by several lines of evidence, whereas the potential role of low-level environmental pollution in liver disease and in MASLD remains incompletely understood. Previous studies on animal models have shown that PCB exposure is associated with steatosis\/steatohepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), altered liver enzymes, and mortality in exposed populations. This review investigates the mechanisms underlying hepatic steatogenesis in preclinical and animal models and analyzes the existing literature on the possible role of PCBs, together with the other conventional risk factors, in the development of MASLD in humans.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells15040364","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T12:59:16Z","timestamp":1771419556000},"page":"364","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Exploring the Impact of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) on the Development of MASLD: A Comprehensive Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Valeria","family":"Longo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council, 90146 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppa","family":"Augello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council, 90146 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6424-8588","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noemi","family":"Aloi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council, 90146 Palermo, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Biological Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3595-8898","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandra","family":"Cusimano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council, 90146 Palermo, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Biological Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0383-6121","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Licata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7070-209X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emanuele","family":"Cannizzaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4923-7220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melchiorre","family":"Cervello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council, 90146 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7850-555X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maurizio","family":"Soresi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0908-1359","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paolo","family":"Colombo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council, 90146 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2845-5296","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lydia","family":"Giannitrapani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council, 90146 Palermo, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179617","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.179617","article-title":"Serum polychlorinated biphenyls as a risk factor for MASLD: Exploring the association and underlying mechanisms","volume":"981","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. 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