{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T09:33:50Z","timestamp":1772271230470,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":216,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772064000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003173","name":"Crafoord Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["20230775"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20230775"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003173","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Innate-like T cells (ILTCs) link innate immune responses with adaptive immune functions. This group includes invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells, mucosa-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, and \u03b3\u03b4 T cells. ILTCs detect transformed or stressed cells via non-classical antigen presentation pathways. For example, iNKT cells recognize CD1d-presented glycolipids, MAIT cells respond to MR1-presented metabolites from riboflavin pathways, and \u03b3\u03b4 T cells sense phosphoantigens through butyrophilin-dependent mechanisms and stress ligands. These features support early tumor control and shape downstream immunity by promoting dendritic cell activation, NK cell function, and priming of tumor-reactive CD8+ T cells. In established tumors, ILTC activity is frequently suppressed. Reduced antigen presentation, inhibitory cytokines, hypoxia, and metabolic constraints, including lactate accumulation and kynurenine production, limit effector responses and promote hyporesponsive states. Transcriptional regulators such as TOX, NR4A family members, and BATF are associated with these programs. This review discusses ILTC roles in tumor surveillance, immune escape, and therapeutic strategies to restore their function.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells15050402","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T10:33:02Z","timestamp":1772101982000},"page":"402","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Innate-like T Cell Biology in the Tumor Microenvironment Implications for Cancer Immunotherapy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Maryam","family":"Sanjari Pour","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 22363 Lund, Sweden"},{"name":"Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden"},{"name":"Lund University Cancer Centre (LUCC), Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmad","family":"Nasimian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 22363 Lund, Sweden"},{"name":"Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden"},{"name":"Lund University Cancer Centre (LUCC), Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0719-5336","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julhash U.","family":"Kazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 22363 Lund, Sweden"},{"name":"Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden"},{"name":"Lund University Cancer Centre (LUCC), Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1760","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-04076-0","article-title":"The human Vdelta2(+) T-cell compartment comprises distinct innate-like Vgamma9(+) and adaptive Vgamma9(\u2212) subsets","volume":"9","author":"Davey","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. 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