{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T14:13:12Z","timestamp":1772892792648,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772755200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015326","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K26 DK138368"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K26 DK138368"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015326","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015326","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DK121995"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DK121995"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015326","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015326","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DK107282"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DK107282"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015326","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015326","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K12AR084226"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K12AR084226"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015326","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015326","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5T32DK007658"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5T32DK007658"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015326","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015326","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["F32DK139710"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F32DK139710"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015326","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015326","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["L70DK144920"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["L70DK144920"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015326","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015326","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30DK048250-pilot"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30DK048250-pilot"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015326","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000041","name":"Burroughs Wellcome Fund Postdoctoral Enrichment Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1-19-IBS-252"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1-19-IBS-252"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000041","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Data suggest that both pancreatic and intestinally produced glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) increases in response to inflammation. Here, we set out to determine the tissue-specific function of increased GLP-1 during inflammatory stimuli. Using our innovative mouse model of tissue-specific Gcg (the gene that encodes GLP-1) expression, we explored the function of GLP-1 under severe inflammatory conditions induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration in lean and obese mice. High-fat diet (HFD) increased the LPS-induced suppression of feeding and increased the plasma levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and GLP-1. Both pancreatic and intestinal Gcg expression contribute to LPS-induced increases in GLP-1, but Gcg was not necessary for the glucoregulatory or suppressed feeding responses to LPS. While Gcg was not necessary for systemic cytokine increases with LPS in either chow- or HFD-fed mice, whole-body Gcg-null animals had increased macrophage accumulation and an increased expression of genes reflecting pro-inflammatory signaling in the pancreas. We then performed flow cytometry on the pancreas from mice expressing a fluorescent marker on the GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R). In response to LPS, we found that pancreatic CD64+\/CD11b+ macrophages expressed the GLP-1R. We conclude that under severe inflammatory conditions, pancreatic production of GLP-1 functions in an immunological rather than a metabolic role to directly regulate local macrophage accumulation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells15050482","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T17:25:59Z","timestamp":1772817959000},"page":"482","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Role of Pancreatic Preproglucagon in Regulating Local Inflammation in Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Ellen M.","family":"Zalucha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chelsea R.","family":"Hutch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maigen","family":"Bethea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nutrition, University of Colorado Anschutz, Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tyler M.","family":"Cook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nutrition, University of Colorado Anschutz, Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-7126-9203","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aayush","family":"Unadkat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7466-8164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristen L.","family":"Wells","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8673-7377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ki-Suk","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nutrition, University of Colorado Anschutz, Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA"},{"name":"Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38103, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Basma","family":"Maerz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Lehrke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine I-Cardiology, University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstra\u00dfe 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8278-3800","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kanakadurga","family":"Singer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3669-3278","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Darleen A.","family":"Sandoval","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nutrition, University of Colorado Anschutz, Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz, Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.13002","article-title":"Properties and functions of adipose tissue macrophages in obesity","volume":"155","author":"Russo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2006.01.004","article-title":"The biology of incretin hormones","volume":"3","author":"Drucker","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G663","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.90635.2008","article-title":"GLP-1 secretion is enhanced directly in the ileum but indirectly in the duodenum by a newly identified potent stimulator, zein hydrolysate, in rats","volume":"297","author":"Hira","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2144","DOI":"10.2337\/db17-0058","article-title":"Mechanisms Controlling Glucose-Induced GLP-1 Secretion in Human Small Intestine","volume":"66","author":"Sun","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E550","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00326.2004","article-title":"Human duodenal enteroendocrine cells: Source of both incretin peptides, GLP-1 and GIP","volume":"290","author":"Theodorakis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol.-Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R2163","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00911.2006","article-title":"Fasting and postprandial concentrations of GLP-1 in intestinal lymph and portal plasma: Evidence for selective release of GLP-1 in the lymph system","volume":"293","author":"Lu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13163","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0801059105","article-title":"Interleukin-6 regulates pancreatic alpha-cell mass expansion","volume":"105","author":"Ellingsgaard","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1481","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2513","article-title":"Interleukin-6 enhances insulin secretion by increasing glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion from L cells and alpha cells","volume":"17","author":"Ellingsgaard","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2982","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.2982","article-title":"Sepsis-induced activation of endogenous GLP-1 system is enhanced in type 2 diabetes","volume":"34","author":"Perl","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab. Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3221","DOI":"10.2337\/db14-0100","article-title":"GLP-1 Secretion Is Increased by Inflammatory Stimuli in an IL-6-Dependent Manner, Leading to Hyperinsulinemia and Blood Glucose Lowering","volume":"63","author":"Kahles","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.2337\/db13-0903","article-title":"Lipopolysaccharides-mediated increase in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion: Involvement of the GLP-1 pathway","volume":"63","author":"Nguyen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2017.10.008","article-title":"Enteroendocrine L Cells Sense LPS after Gut Barrier Injury to Enhance GLP-1 Secretion","volume":"21","author":"Lebrun","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2346","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2005-0396","article-title":"Ontogeny of regeneration of beta-cells in the neonatal rat after treatment with streptozotocin","volume":"147","author":"Thyssen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.4161\/isl.2.3.11396","article-title":"Intraislet production of GLP-1 by activation of prohormone convertase 1\/3 in pancreatic \u03b1-cells in mouse models of \u00df-cell regeneration","volume":"2","author":"Kilimnik","year":"2010","journal-title":"Islets"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2017.02.008","article-title":"The Role of Pancreatic Preproglucagon in Glucose Homeostasis in Mice","volume":"25","author":"Chambers","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e129452","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.129452","article-title":"Glycemic effect of pancreatic preproglucagon in mouse sleeve gastrectomy","volume":"4","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1928","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-019-4963-5","article-title":"The role of GIP and pancreatic GLP-1 in the glucoregulatory effect of DPP-4 inhibition in mice","volume":"62","author":"Hutch","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1538","DOI":"10.2337\/db17-1385","article-title":"Liraglutide Modulates Appetite and Body Weight Through Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor\u2013Expressing Glutamatergic Neurons","volume":"67","author":"Adams","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2015.01.012","article-title":"TRAP-seq defines markers for novel populations of hypothalamic and brainstem LepRb neurons","volume":"4","author":"Allison","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2025.102260","article-title":"Weight loss reverses obesity-associated impairments in acute gastrointestinal stretch-induced suppression of food intake and glucose homeostasis","volume":"102","author":"Bethea","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"55344","article-title":"Isolating and Analyzing Cells of the Pancreas Mesenchyme by Flow Cytometry","volume":"119","author":"Epshtein","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Vis. Exp. JoVE"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1093\/jimmun\/vkaf024","article-title":"High fat diet feeding impairs neutrophil phagocytosis, bacterial killing, and neutrophil-induced hematopoietic regeneration","volume":"214","author":"Bowers","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.14806\/ej.17.1.200","article-title":"Cutadapt removes adapter sequences from high-throughput sequencing reads","volume":"17","author":"Martin","year":"2011","journal-title":"EMBnet J."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bts635","article-title":"STAR: Ultrafast universal RNA-seq aligner","volume":"29","author":"Dobin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btt656","article-title":"featureCounts: An efficient general purpose program for assigning sequence reads to genomic features","volume":"30","author":"Liao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-014-0550-8","article-title":"Moderated estimation of fold change and dispersion for RNA-seq data with DESeq2","volume":"15","author":"Love","year":"2014","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"ref_27","unstructured":"CUAnschutzBDC (2025, August 01). Slurm_Snakemake\/RNA_seq at Main \u00b7 CUAnschutzBDC\/Slurm_Snakemake. GitHub. Available online: https:\/\/github.com\/CUAnschutzBDC\/slurm_snakemake\/tree\/main\/RNA_seq."},{"key":"ref_28","unstructured":"(2025, August 15). Kwellswrasman\/rnaseq_general\u2014Docker Image. Available online: https:\/\/hub.docker.com\/r\/kwellswrasman\/rnaseq_general."},{"key":"ref_29","unstructured":"(2025, August 15). Kwellswrasman\/rna_seq_r\u2014Docker Image. Available online: https:\/\/hub.docker.com\/r\/kwellswrasman\/rna_seq_r."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W168","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkad393","article-title":"Enrichr-KG: Bridging enrichment analysis across multiple libraries","volume":"51","author":"Evangelista","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1739","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btr260","article-title":"Molecular signatures database (MSigDB) 3.0","volume":"27","author":"Liberzon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.01.050","article-title":"Energetic Trade-Offs and Hypometabolic States Promote Disease Tolerance","volume":"177","author":"Ganeshan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2014.07.007","article-title":"Lipopolysaccharide-induced sepsis induces long-lasting affective changes in the mouse","volume":"43","author":"Anderson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain. Behav. Immun."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1514","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2022.08.003","article-title":"Divergent roles for the gut intraepithelial lymphocyte GLP-1R in control of metabolism, microbiota, and T cell-induced inflammation","volume":"34","author":"Wong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sancho, V., Daniele, G., Lucchesi, D., Lupi, R., Ciccarone, A., Penno, G., Bianchi, C., Dardano, A., Miccoli, R., and Del Prato, S. (2017). Metabolic regulation of GLP-1 and PC1\/3 in pancreatic \u03b1-cell line. PLoS ONE, 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0187836"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2012-2124","article-title":"The glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor\u2014Or not?","volume":"154","author":"Pyke","year":"2013","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5635","DOI":"10.2147\/JIR.S358518","article-title":"Sustained Inflammation Induced by LPS Leads to Tolerable Anorexia and Fat Loss via Tlr4 in Mice","volume":"15","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Inflamm. Res."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101641","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2022.101641","article-title":"Glucagon-like Peptide-1 receptor Tie2+ cells are essential for the cardioprotective actions of liraglutide in mice with experimental myocardial infarction","volume":"66","author":"McLean","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.2147\/JIR.S84993","article-title":"Effects of exendin-4, a glucagon like peptide-1 receptor agonist, on neutrophil count and inflammatory cytokines in a rat model of endotoxemia","volume":"8","author":"Yanay","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Inflamm. Res."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.npep.2018.07.003","article-title":"Neuroprotective effects of the novel GLP-1 long acting analogue semaglutide in the MPTP Parkinson\u2019s disease mouse model","volume":"71","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuropeptides"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2017.03.010","article-title":"GLP-1 Levels Predict Mortality in Patients with Critical Illness as Well as End-Stage Renal Disease","volume":"130","author":"Lebherz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adx4381","article-title":"Sex differences in tissue-specific immunity and immunology","volume":"389","author":"Sharma","year":"2025","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pettersson, U.S., Wald\u00e9n, T.B., Carlsson, P.-O., Jansson, L., and Phillipson, M. (2012). Female Mice are Protected against High-Fat Diet Induced Metabolic Syndrome and Increase the Regulatory T Cell Population in Adipose Tissue. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0046057"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roseberry, T., Grossrubatscher, I., Krausz, T., Wang, Y., Schwartz, M., and Tingley, D. (2025). Sex differences in GLP-1 signaling across species. bioRxiv, submitted.","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.03.17.643822"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e15462","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.15462","article-title":"Prolonged lipopolysaccharide-induced illness elevels glucagon-like peptide-1 and suppresses peptide YY: A human-randomized cross-over trial","volume":"10","author":"Brodersen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Physiol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1530\/EC-20-0590","article-title":"Plasma levels of glucagon but not GLP-1 are elevated in response to inflammation in humans","volume":"10","author":"Modrzynska","year":"2021","journal-title":"Endocr. Connect."}],"container-title":["Cells"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4409\/15\/5\/482\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T17:30:49Z","timestamp":1772818249000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4409\/15\/5\/482"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["cells15050482"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells15050482","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]]}}}